从 Oracle 11gR2 开始， 引入 SCAN(Single Client Access Name) IP 的概念， 相当于在客户端和数据库之间增加一层虚拟的网络服务层，即是 SCAN IP 和 SCAP IP Listener。在客户端的 tnsnames.ora 配置文件中，只需要配置 SCAN IP 的配置信息即可，客户端通过 SCAN IP、SCAN IP Listener 来访问数据库。同之前各版本的 RAC 相比，使用 SCAN IP 的好处就是，当后台 RAC 数据库添加、删除节点时，客户端配置信息无需修改。可以通过配置 DNS 服
Oracle Rac其中一个节点环境如下
步骤二：准备配置文件named.conf
说明： 正常情况下还应该配置正向 Zone 文件。 这里， 我们的 RAC 双节点 node1、 node2的 域 名 domain 都 设 置 为 localdomain ， 而 默 认 情 况 下 ， 该 配 置 文 件 (/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones)的第 15 行到第 20 行中已经自带下述正向 Zone 文件配置信息，所以无需再添加。
创建和修改/etc/resolv.conf文件，添加上面2行，192.168.2.128是DNS服务器的地址，至于192.168.2.203只是我们虚拟出来的，大家要分清楚。
务器或 GNS 来配置 SCAN，我们这里以 DNS 为例来进行配置。
首先先介绍一下环境：
DNS服务器环境如下(非rac节点)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:72:C0:1E
inet addr:192.168.2.128 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe72:c01e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7836 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2127 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:720365 (703.4 KiB) TX bytes:278821 (272.2 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1525 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1525 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4231012 (4.0 MiB) TX bytes:4231012 (4.0 MiB)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# Oracle Rac其中一个节点环境如下
[root@racr1 ~]#
[root@racr1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:A2:C0:78
inet addr:192.168.2.11 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fea2:c078/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3338 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:429 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:307857 (300.6 KiB) TX bytes:50883 (49.6 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:A2:C0:82
inet addr:10.10.27.11 Bcast:10.10.27.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fea2:c082/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3572 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:53 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:307775 (300.5 KiB) TX bytes:7022 (6.8 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1395 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1395 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2813005 (2.6 MiB) TX bytes:2813005 (2.6 MiB)
[root@racr1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# public
192.168.2.11 racr1.localdomain racr1
192.168.2.12 racr2.localdomain racr2
# private
10.10.27.21 racr1-priv.localdomain racr1-priv
10.10.27.22 racr2-priv.localdomain racr2-priv
# vip
192.168.2.13 racr1-vip.localdomain racr1-vip
192.168.2.14 racr2-vip.localdomain racr2-vip
#scan-ip
192.168.2.203 scan-cluster.localdomain scan-cluster
[root@racr1 ~]# hostname
racr1.localdomain
[root@racr1 ~]# 步骤一：安装dns软件在dns服务器
[root@localhost ~]# cd dnslib/
[root@localhost dnslib]# ll
total 1112
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1015531 Jun 24 14:34 bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45360 Jun 24 14:34 bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62251 Jun 24 14:35 caching-nameserver-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]# rpm -ivh bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
warning: bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:bind ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]# rpm -ivh bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
warning: bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:bind-chroot ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]# rpm -ivh caching-nameserver-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
warning: caching-nameserver-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:caching-nameserver ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]#
[root@localhost dnslib]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Jun 24 2014 localtime
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1230 Jan 21 2010 named.caching-nameserver.conf
-rw-r----- 1 root named 955 Jan 21 2010 named.rfc1912.zones
-rw-r----- 1 root named 113 Jun 24 14:36 rndc.key
[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]# 步骤二：准备配置文件named.conf
[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf
[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Jun 24 2014 localtime
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1230 Jan 21 2010 named.caching-nameserver.conf
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1230 Jan 21 2010 named.conf
-rw-r----- 1 root named 955 Jan 21 2010 named.rfc1912.zones
-rw-r----- 1 root named 113 Jun 24 14:36 rndc.key
[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]# cat named.conf
//
// named.caching-nameserver.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the
// ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver
// (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor
// to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on
// caching-nameserver package upgrade.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// Those options should be used carefully because they disable port
// randomization
// query-source port 53;
// query-source-v6 port 53;
allow-query { localhost; };
allow-query-cache { localhost; };
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
view localhost_resolver {
match-clients { localhost; };
match-destinations { localhost; };
recursion yes;
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};
[root@localhost etc]#
步骤三：配置 Zone 文件
配置 Zone 文件，修改/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones 文件
配置 Zone 的目的是为了解析 SCAN IP，在该文件末尾添加以下反向 Zone：
zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type master;
file "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
allow-update { none; };
};
[root@localhost etc]# vi named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.ip6.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type master;
file "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
allow-update { none; };
};
说明： 正常情况下还应该配置正向 Zone 文件。 这里， 我们的 RAC 双节点 node1、 node2的 域 名 domain 都 设 置 为 localdomain ， 而 默 认 情 况 下 ， 该 配 置 文 件 (/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones)的第 15 行到第 20 行中已经自带下述正向 Zone 文件配置信息，所以无需再添加。
还有这个文件的名字和IP要对应，因为这里节点1的public网卡在192.168.2.*端，所有文件名字要2.168.198。
步骤四：配置正、反向解析数据库文件
这个数据库文件就是named.rfc1912.zones文件里面每个zone里面的file属性。现在这2个文件是没有的，我们要手工的创建
localdomain.zone这个文件已经存在了，我们直接修改就好了，这个文件是正向解析数据库文件。
[root@localhost etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ll
total 36
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Aug 26 2004 data
-rw-r----- 1 root named 198 Jan 21 2010 localdomain.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 195 Jan 21 2010 localhost.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 427 Jan 21 2010 named.broadcast
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1892 Jan 21 2010 named.ca
-rw-r----- 1 root named 424 Jan 21 2010 named.ip6.local
-rw-r----- 1 root named 426 Jan 21 2010 named.local
-rw-r----- 1 root named 427 Jan 21 2010 named.zero
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Jul 27 2004 slaves
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]# cat localdomain.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost root (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS localhost
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
scan-cluster IN A 192.168.2.203 #直接添加这行，和节点1的hosts文件对应上
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]#
继续配置反向数据文件2.168.192.in-addr.arpa
[root@localhost etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.local 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]# ll
total 40
-rw-r----- 1 root named 426 Jan 21 2010 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Aug 26 2004 data
-rw-r----- 1 root named 198 Jan 21 2010 localdomain.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 195 Jan 21 2010 localhost.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 427 Jan 21 2010 named.broadcast
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1892 Jan 21 2010 named.ca
-rw-r----- 1 root named 424 Jan 21 2010 named.ip6.local
-rw-r----- 1 root named 426 Jan 21 2010 named.local
-rw-r----- 1 root named 427 Jan 21 2010 named.zero
drwxrwx--- 2 named named 4096 Jul 27 2004 slaves
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]# cat 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS localhost.
1 IN PTR localhost.
203 IN PTR scan-cluster.localdomain.
[root@localhost named]# 步骤五：启动DNS服务器
[root@localhost named]# /etc/init.d/named start
Starting named: [ OK ]
[root@localhost named]#
[root@localhost named]# /etc/init.d/named status
number of zones: 7
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
named (pid 9143) is running...
[root@localhost named]# 步骤六：每个节点配置DNS客户端
[root@racr1 media]#
[root@racr1 media]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.2.128
[root@racr1 media]#
[root@racr1 media]#
[root@racr1 media]# nslookup scan-cluster
Server: 192.168.2.128
Address: 192.168.2.128#53
Name: scan-cluster.localdomain
Address: 192.168.2.203
[root@racr1 media]# nslookup scan-cluster.localdomain
Server: 192.168.2.128
Address: 192.168.2.128#53
Name: scan-cluster.localdomain
Address: 192.168.2.203
[root@racr1 media]# nslookup 192.168.2.203
Server: 192.168.2.128
Address: 192.168.2.128#53
203.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan-cluster.localdomain.
[root@racr1 media]# 创建和修改/etc/resolv.conf文件，添加上面2行，192.168.2.128是DNS服务器的地址，至于192.168.2.203只是我们虚拟出来的，大家要分清楚。
我其实对DNS也不是太了解，这个是我自己总结的一种方法，稍后我会安装oracle11.2 rac上面验证这个配置方法。
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