为什么我用save保存更新，数据库不更新，反而新增一条

今天发现一个奇怪的问题：

为什么我用save保存更新的数据后，数据库不更新，但是增加了一条空数据，我的前台也把数据用json传上去了，也成功了，但是数据库没有更新相应行的数据，而是新增了一条数据，我的后端用的接口PagingAndSortingRepository，数据库hibernate+sqlserver。

前端请求代码：

request(selectedRow,'post','<%=basePath%>userManager/save',function(data){
    console.log("data:"+data);
});

请求明细数据：

后端接口：

public interface UserManagerDAO extends PagingAndSortingRepository<User, Long>{
}

数据库显示：

我准备重现一下这个问题，下面的搭建过程和运行结果。

(Spring Data JPA入门案例，包含mysql、mssql增删改查、分页，主键自动生成)

1.环境准备

首先，确保你的Spring Boot项目已经配置了相关依赖。在pom.xml中加入以下依赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
        <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>7.4.1.jre8</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.应用配置

在application.properties中配置数据库连接：

# 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
server.port=8080

# spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/award?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
# spring.datasource.username=root
# spring.datasource.password=123456
# spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
# spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
# spring.jpa.show-sql=true

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;databaseName=award
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=A123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

spring.main.lazy-initialization=true

3.实体类 (Entity)

假设我们有一个用户(User)实体，主键自增。

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity(name = "users")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String role;
    @Column(name = "addtime", insertable = false, updatable = false)
    private byte[] addtime;    
    // Getters and Setters
}

4.Repository 接口

Spring Data JPA会根据接口方法名自动生成查询语句。

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<User, Long> {
    List<User> findByUsername(String username);
    Page<User> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}

5.Service 层

服务层用于业务逻辑处理。

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public User save(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    public void delete(User user) {
        userRepository.delete(user);
    }

    public User findById(Long id) {
        return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }

    public List<User> findByName(String name) {
        return userRepository.findByUsername(name);
    }

    public Page<User> findAllPaged(int page, int size) {
        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);
        return userRepository.findAll(pageable);
    }

    public User update(Long id, User userDetails) {
        return userRepository.save(userDetails);
    }

    public boolean deleteById(Long id) {
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
        return true;
    }

    public Page<User> findAllPaged(Pageable pageable) {
        return userRepository.findAll(pageable);
    }
}

6.Controller 层

控制器负责接收HTTP请求并响应。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    // 创建（新增）
    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<User> createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        User savedUser = userService.save(user);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(savedUser, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    // 查询（读取）
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        User user = userService.findById(id);
        if (user != null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(user, HttpStatus.OK);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        }
    }

    // 更新
    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> updateUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User userDetails) {
        User updatedUser = userService.update(id, userDetails);
        if (updatedUser != null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(updatedUser, HttpStatus.OK);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        }
    }

    // 删除
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        boolean isDeleted = userService.deleteById(id);
        if (isDeleted) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        }
    }

    // 分页查询
    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Page<User>> getUsers(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size) {
        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);
        Page<User> usersPage = userService.findAllPaged(pageable);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(usersPage, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

7.MySQL

建表语句

CREATE TABLE `users` (
	`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
	`username` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
	`password` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
	`role` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT '管理员' COMMENT '角色',
	`addtime` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '新增时间',
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) COMMENT='用户表' ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

8.MSSQL

建表语句

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[users](
	[id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
	[username] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
	[password] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
	[role] [varchar](50) NULL,
	[addtime] [timestamp] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_users] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

9.启动

成功启动

Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
Started JpademoApplication in 4.702 seconds (JVM running for 5.149)

10.新增用户

调用成功

11.查询用户

调用成功

12.修改用户

调用成功

所以，我没有重现这个问题，有可能是id传到后台的时候，丢失导致的，当所有可能都已经排除，那只剩这种可能了，网络数据丢包也会导致问题。