upnp 端口映射

简介

处于内网的机器，因为没有一个公有的Ip,外面是无法主动连接到内网的设备。如果希望外面可以连接到处于内网的指定设备。UPNP端口映射是一个较简易的方案。当然这并不是唯一方案，穿透和转发也是一个较普遍的方式，本文只讨论UPNP端口映射的实现方式。UPNP端口映射将一个外部端口映射到一个【内网Ip：端口】，当然也指明了使用的协议是UDP,TCP,还是此映射同时适应UDP和TCP。

UPNP使用的常用命令：

     "GetStatusInfo",
     "GetExternalIPAddress",
     "AddPortMapping",
     "GetSpecificPortMappingEntry",

1. 建立UDP socket,并绑定到一个自定的端口

2、通过UDP发送组播包：M-search，端口1900，包的内容如下所示

M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1
HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900
ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1
MAN: "ssdp:discover"
MX: 2

3、接收M-search的回应，并做相应的处理

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CACHE-CONTROL: max-age=100
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 21:39:02 GMT
EXT:
LOCATION: http://192.168.1.1:1900/igd.xml
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1
USN: uuid:6ec73f58-1dd2-11b2-9465-e6838914e4d9::urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1

1》获取path(lacation) ,此为 ： /igd.xml                                        #path#

     端口为： 1900 （有些路由并不一定是UPNP的端口1900)           #ServerPort#

     ip:192.168.1.1 (有时候我们的内网中可能存在多个路由，并且都开启了upnp服务，这时候我们要判断哪一个才是网关路由，并且只处理网关路由的回应）

2》获取ST，此为：urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1        #ST#

4、建立tcp连接，--》【网关:ServerPort】

注意：有些路由不支持keep-alive特性，做每一次交互都做一次连接

5、获取path位置的xml数据：

GET /igd.xml HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
Connection: Close
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6

6、接收并分析得到的xml数据

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONTENT-LENGTH: 2733
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 21:39:02 GMT
LAST-MODIFIED: Tue, 28 Oct 2003 08:46:08 GMT
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONNECTION: close

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:device-1-0">
<specVersion>
<major>1</major>
<minor>0</minor>
</specVersion>
<URLBase></URLBase>
<device>
<deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1</deviceType>
<presentationURL>http://192.168.1.1:80       </presentationURL>
<friendlyName            >Mercury Router MR804</friendlyName>
<manufacturer                         >Mercury</manufacturer>
<manufacturerURL    >http://www.mercurycom.com.cn</manufacturerURL>
<modelDescription                       >MR804 8.0</modelDescription>
<modelName                           >MR804</modelName>
<modelNumber                             >8.0</modelNumber>
<UDN>uuid:6ec73f58-1dd2-11b2-9465-e6838914e4d9</UDN>
<UPC>123456789001</UPC>
<serviceList>
<service>
<serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:Layer3Forwarding:1</serviceType>
<serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:L3Forwarding1</serviceId>
<controlURL>/l3f</controlURL>
<eventSubURL>/l3f</eventSubURL>
<SCPDURL>/l3f.xml</SCPDURL>
</service>
</serviceList>
<deviceList>
<device>
<deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:WANDevice:1</deviceType>
<friendlyName>WAN Device</friendlyName>
<manufacturer                         >Mercury</manufacturer>
<manufacturerURL    >http://www.mercurycom.com.cn</manufacturerURL>
<modelDescription>WAN Device</modelDescription>
<modelName>WAN Device</modelName>
<modelNumber>1</modelNumber>
<modelURL></modelURL>
<serialNumber>12345678900001</serialNumber>
<UDN>uuid:80104052-1dd2-11b2-a699-e6838914e4d9</UDN>
<UPC>123456789001</UPC>
<serviceList>
<service>
<serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANCommonInterfaceConfig:1</serviceType>
<serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:WANCommonInterfaceConfig</serviceId>
<controlURL>/ifc</controlURL>
<eventSubURL>/ifc</eventSubURL>
<SCPDURL>/ifc.xml</SCPDURL>
</service>
</serviceList>
<deviceList>
<device>
<deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:WANConnectionDevice:1</deviceType>
<friendlyName>WAN Connection Device</friendlyName>
<manufacturer                         >Mercury</manufacturer>
<manufacturerURL    >http://www.mercurycom.com.cn</manufacturerURL>
<modelDescription>WAN Connection Device</modelDescription>
<modelName>WAN Connection Device</modelName>
<modelNumber>1</modelNumber>
<modelURL></modelURL>
<serialNumber>12345678900001</serialNumber>
<UDN>uuid:8c99e7b0-1dd2-11b2-8291-e6838914e4d9</UDN>
<UPC>123456789001</UPC>
<serviceList>
<service>
<serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1</serviceType>
<serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:WANIPConnection</serviceId>
<controlURL>/ipc</controlURL>
<eventSubURL>/ipc</eventSubURL>
<SCPDURL>/ipc.xml</SCPDURL>
</service>
</serviceList>
</device>
</deviceList>
</device>
</deviceList>
</device>
</root>

获取端口映射服务<serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1</serviceType>

的控制路径<controlURL>：/ipc                #ControlUrl#

7、发送获取外网IP的命令请求：GetExternalIPAddress

POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 285
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#GetExternalIPAddress"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><s:Body><u:GetExternalIPAddress xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"></u:GetExternalIPAddress></s:Body></s:Envelope>

8、分析接收数据

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 404
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<u:GetExternalIPAddressResponse xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"><NewExternalIPAddress>113.119.126.148</NewExternalIPAddress></u:GetExternalIPAddressResponse></SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

解析得到NewExternalIPAddress标签中的外网ip:113.119.126.148

9、发送命令获取指定的外部端口的详细信息{内部端口，ip,协议，外部端口，。。。}

使用命令GetSpecificPortMappingEntry，并在NewExternalPort指定要查询的外部端口

POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 399
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#GetSpecificPortMappingEntry"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><s:Body><u:GetSpecificPortMappingEntry xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"><NewRemoteHost></NewRemoteHost><NewExternalPort>5500</NewExternalPort><NewProtocol>TCP</NewProtocol></u:GetSpecificPortMappingEntry></s:Body></s:Envelope>

10、接收数据并并分析指定的端口有没有被映射

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 574
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<u:GetSpecificPortMappingEntryResponse xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"><NewInternalPort>80</NewInternalPort><NewInternalClient>192.168.1.83</NewInternalClient><NewEnabled>1</NewEnabled><NewPortMappingDescription>JUAN UPNP</NewPortMappingDescription><NewLeaseDuration>0</NewLeaseDuration></u:GetSpecificPortMappingEntryResponse></SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

如上所示：外部端口5500已经做了映射，映射到{192.168.1.83：80，TCP}

1.1》映射到期望的客户端

1.2》没有映射到期望的客户端，如映射到别的ip

2》未映射，会返回500错误：HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error

HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
CONTENT-LENGTH: 481
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:02 GMT
EXT:
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<SOAP-ENV:Fault>
<faultcode>SOAP-ENV:Client</faultcode>
<faultstring>UPnPError</faultstring>
<detail>
<UPnPError xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:control-1-0">
<errorCode>402</errorCode>
<errorDescription>Invalid ExternalPort</errorDescription>
</UPnPError>
</detail>
</SOAP-ENV:Fault>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

如果已经做了期望的映射，则进入等待下一轮的更新

否则做端口映射

11、发送命令添加端口映射：

POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 589
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#AddPortMapping"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><s:Body><u:AddPortMapping xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"><NewRemoteHost></NewRemoteHost><NewExternalPort>5500</NewExternalPort><NewProtocol>TCP</NewProtocol><NewInternalPort>80</NewInternalPort><NewInternalClient>192.168.1.83</NewInternalClient><NewEnabled>1</NewEnabled><NewPortMappingDescription>JUAN UPNP</NewPortMappingDescription><NewLeaseDuration>0</NewLeaseDuration></u:AddPortMapping></s:Body></s:Envelope>

12、接收并分析是否映射成功：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 332
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<u:AddPortMappingResponse xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1"></u:AddPortMappingResponse></SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

返回HTTP/1.1 200 OK，可见操作成功，进入等待下一轮的更新