Java多线程篇之List与Collections集合工具类
Collections是一个Java处理集合的强大工具类,可以进排序,对集合进行简单的多线程封装。本章我们将讲解多线程封装接口
Collections的List<T> synchronizedList(List<T> list)类是一个封装list对象的方法,简单点就是专门对list的内部方法synchronized,以达到多线程操作。
用法如下:
public void collectionsSyncListTest() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); // 原始列表,没有多线程保护
List<String> syncList = Collections.synchronizedList(list); // 通过Collections包装类生产一个新的自动synchronized的list
syncList.add("hello"); // add方法被调用的时候会自动synchornized对象list自身,达到多线程操作保护
syncList.add("hello");
// for-each循环被调用的时候会自动synchornized对象list自身,达到多线程操作保护
for (String text : syncList) {
System.out.println(text);
}
syncList.clear(); // clear方法被调用的时候会自动synchornized对象list自身,达到多线程操作保护
}
接下来我们通过具体源码感受一下吧
public static <T> List<T> synchronizedList(List<T> list) {
return (list instanceof RandomAccess ?
new SynchronizedRandomAccessList<>(list) :
new SynchronizedList<>(list));
}
static <T> List<T> synchronizedList(List<T> list, Object mutex) {
return (list instanceof RandomAccess ?
new SynchronizedRandomAccessList<>(list, mutex) :
new SynchronizedList<>(list, mutex));
}
/**
* @serial include
*/
static class SynchronizedList<E>
extends SynchronizedCollection<E>
implements List<E> {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7754090372962971524L;
final List<E> list;
SynchronizedList(List<E> list) {
super(list);
this.list = list;
}
SynchronizedList(List<E> list, Object mutex) {
super(list, mutex);
this.list = list;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
synchronized (mutex) {return list.equals(o);}
}
public int hashCode() {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.hashCode();}
}
public E get(int index) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.get(index);}
}
public E set(int index, E element) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.set(index, element);}
}
public void add(int index, E element) {
synchronized (mutex) {list.add(index, element);}
}
public E remove(int index) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.remove(index);}
}
public int indexOf(Object o) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.indexOf(o);}
}
public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.lastIndexOf(o);}
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
synchronized (mutex) {return list.addAll(index, c);}
}
public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
return list.listIterator(); // Must be manually synched by user
}
public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
return list.listIterator(index); // Must be manually synched by user
}
public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
synchronized (mutex) {
return new SynchronizedList<>(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex),
mutex);
}
}
@Override
public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
synchronized (mutex) {list.replaceAll(operator);}
}
@Override
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
synchronized (mutex) {list.sort(c);}
}
/**
* SynchronizedRandomAccessList instances are serialized as
* SynchronizedList instances to allow them to be deserialized
* in pre-1.4 JREs (which do not have SynchronizedRandomAccessList).
* This method inverts the transformation. As a beneficial
* side-effect, it also grafts the RandomAccess marker onto
* SynchronizedList instances that were serialized in pre-1.4 JREs.
*
* Note: Unfortunately, SynchronizedRandomAccessList instances
* serialized in 1.4.1 and deserialized in 1.4 will become
* SynchronizedList instances, as this method was missing in 1.4.
*/
private Object readResolve() {
return (list instanceof RandomAccess
? new SynchronizedRandomAccessList<>(list)
: this);
}
}
/**
* @serial include
*/
static class SynchronizedCollection<E> implements Collection<E>, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3053995032091335093L;
final Collection<E> c; // Backing Collection
final Object mutex; // Object on which to synchronize
SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> c) {
this.c = Objects.requireNonNull(c);
mutex = this;
}
SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> c, Object mutex) {
this.c = Objects.requireNonNull(c);
this.mutex = Objects.requireNonNull(mutex);
}
public int size() {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.size();}
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.isEmpty();}
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.contains(o);}
}
public Object[] toArray() {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.toArray();}
}
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.toArray(a);}
}
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return c.iterator(); // Must be manually synched by user!
}
public boolean add(E e) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.add(e);}
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.remove(o);}
}
public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> coll) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.containsAll(coll);}
}
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> coll) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.addAll(coll);}
}
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> coll) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.removeAll(coll);}
}
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> coll) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.retainAll(coll);}
}
public void clear() {
synchronized (mutex) {c.clear();}
}
public String toString() {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.toString();}
}
// Override default methods in Collection
@Override
public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
synchronized (mutex) {c.forEach(consumer);}
}
@Override
public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
synchronized (mutex) {return c.removeIf(filter);}
}
@Override
public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
return c.spliterator(); // Must be manually synched by user!
}
@Override
public Stream<E> stream() {
return c.stream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
}
@Override
public Stream<E> parallelStream() {
return c.parallelStream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
synchronized (mutex) {s.defaultWriteObject();}
}
}
可以这么理解,Collections的synchronizedList实现的功能就是在封装List的public时多加了synchronized锁操作。