Head First PHP&MySQL 学习笔记(一)

PHP(Persnonal Home Pages, Hypertext Processor)

简介:

HTML静态而乏味
利用纯HTML Web页面,服务器只能提供静态HTML,而 静态HTML只能显示内容
PHP为Web页面赋予生命
通过引入PHP,Web服务器能够 动态生成HTML页面。

PHP脚本在服务器上运行

PHP脚本看上去与正常的HTML Web页面很相似,因为他们同时都可以包含HTML代码和CSS代码。实际上,一旦PHP脚本在服务器上运行结束,每一个PHP脚本都会转换为HTML和CSS。也就是最终浏览器收到的是PHP脚本的执行结果。

HTML form表单中的 action告诉服务器要用哪个PHP脚本来处理这个表单。
<form method="post" action="report.php"> 
</form>

大多数的PHP脚本同时包含有PHP代码和HTML代码,服务器将所有内容作为HTML传送给客户Web浏览器之前,这些PHP代码会运行并转换为HTML,HTML代码则原样传送不做任何改变。

PHP代码规则:

  • 总是用<?php和?>包围
<?php
...
?>
  • 每个PHP语句都以分号结束
echo 'Hello world.<br />';
  • 如果Web页面中有PHP代码,一个很好的想法是将Web服务器上的文件命名为扩展名.php而不是.html
  •  PHP的变量名总以一个美元符号$开头
$email = $_POST['email'];
  • PHP变量是区分大小写的,而PHP命令(如echo)是不区分大小写的,但是 PHP建议使用小写加下划线的方式来定义变量。
  • PHP字符串可以是单引号,也可以是双引号。连接字符串和变量需要用点号"."。如 echo 'Describe them:' .$_POST['describe']. '<br />';


PHP中的特殊变量:

$_POST
超级全局变量,PHP内置,直接绑定到HTML表单使用的表单提交方法,包含输入到表单的各部分数据。
是一个数组
HTML表单域中的name属性,定义了数组的下标











单引号双引号

换行符(\n)只能在双引号中才能被转义。(在单引号中只支持\'和\\,即在单引号字符串中嵌入单引号标点和\)
单引号被认为是原始文本,而PHP在处理双引号时会寻找变量。在一个双引号中遇到变量是,PHP会在串中插入该变量的值,就像连接字符串一样。


示例代码

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title>Aliens Abducted Me - Report an Abduction</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" />
</head>
<body>
  <h2>Aliens Abducted Me - Report an Abduction</h2>

  <p>Share your story of alien abduction:</p>
  <form method="post" action="report.php">
    <label for="firstname">First name:</label>
    <input type="text" id="firstname" name="firstname" /><br />
    <label for="lastname">Last name:</label>
    <input type="text" id="lastname" name="lastname" /><br />
    <label for="email">What is your email address?</label>
    <input type="text" id="email" name="email" /><br />
    <label for="whenithappened">When did it happen?</label>
    <input type="text" id="whenithappened" name="whenithappened" /><br />
    <label for="howlong">How long were you gone?</label>
    <input type="text" id="howlong" name="howlong" /><br />
    <label for="howmany">How many did you see?</label>
    <input type="text" id="howmany" name="howmany" /><br />
    <label for="aliendescription">Describe them:</label>
    <input type="text" id="aliendescription" name="aliendescription" size="32" /><br />
    <label for="whattheydid">What did they do to you?</label>
    <input type="text" id="whattheydid" name="whattheydid" size="32" /><br />
    <label for="fangspotted">Have you seen my dog Fang?</label>
    Yes <input id="fangspotted" name="fangspotted" type="radio" value="yes" />
    No <input id="fangspotted" name="fangspotted" type="radio" value="no" /><br />
    <img src="fang.jpg" width="100" height="175"
      alt="My abducted dog Fang." /><br />
    <label for="other">Anything else you want to add?</label>
    <textarea id="other" name="other"></textarea><br />
    <input type="submit" value="Report Abduction" name="submit" />
  </form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title>Aliens Abducted Me - Report an Abduction</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h2>Aliens Abducted Me - Report an Abduction</h2>

<?php
  $name = $_POST['firstname'] . ' ' . $_POST['lastname'];
  $when_it_happened = $_POST['whenithappened'];
  $how_long = $_POST['howlong'];
  $how_many = $_POST['howmany'];
  $alien_description = $_POST['aliendescription'];
  $what_they_did = $_POST['whattheydid'];
  $fang_spotted = $_POST['fangspotted'];
  $email = $_POST['email'];
  $other = $_POST['other'];

  $to = 'owen@aliensabductedme.com';
  $subject = 'Aliens Abducted Me - Abduction Report';
  $msg = "$name was abducted $when_it_happened and was gone for $how_long.\n" .
    "Number of aliens: $how_many\n" .
    "Alien description: $alien_description\n" .
    "What they did: $what_they_did\n" .
    "Fang spotted: $fang_spotted\n" .
    "Other comments: $other";
  mail($to, $subject, $msg, 'From:' . $email);

  echo 'Thanks for submitting the form.<br />';
  echo 'You were abducted ' . $when_it_happened;
  echo ' and were gone for ' . $how_long . '<br />';
  echo 'Number of aliens: ' . $how_many . '<br />';
  echo 'Describe them: ' . $alien_description . '<br />';
  echo 'The aliens did this: ' . $what_they_did . '<br />';
  echo 'Was Fang there? ' . $fang_spotted . '<br />';
  echo 'Other comments: ' . $other . '<br />';
  echo 'Your email address is ' . $email;
?>

</body>
</html>






























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