Swift - 文件，文件夹操作大全

ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用NSFileManager，NSFileHandle等类来实现。

下面总结了各种常用的操作：

1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件

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//假设用户文档下有如下文件和文件夹[test1.txt,fold1/test2.txt] let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL   //（1）对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表 let  contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(url.path!) //contentsOfPath：Optional([fold1, test1.txt]) print ( "contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)" )   //（2）类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表 let  contentsOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys:  nil , options:  NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles ); //contentsOfURL：Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/, // file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt]) print ( "contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)" )   //（3）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接） let  enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumeratorAtPath(url.path!) //enumeratorAtPath：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt]) print ( "enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)" )   //（4）类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接） let  enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumeratorAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys:  nil , options:  NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , errorHandler: nil ) //contentsOfURL：Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/, // file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/test2.txt, // file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/test1.txt]) print ( "enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)" )   //（5）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath） let  subPaths = manager.subpathsAtPath(url.path!) //subPaths：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt]) print ( "subPaths: \(subPaths)" )

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  filePath: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/hangge.txt" var  exist = fileManager.fileExistsAtPath(filePath)

3，创建文件夹 

方式1：

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let  myDirectory: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/myFolder/Files" let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager()   //withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建 try! fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory,      withIntermediateDirectories:  true , attributes:  nil )

方式2：

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func  createFolder(name: String ,baseUrl: NSURL ){      let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager()      let  folder = baseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name, isDirectory:  true )      print ( "文件夹: \(folder)" )      let  exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(folder.path!)      if  !exist {          try! manager.createDirectoryAtURL(folder, withIntermediateDirectories:  true , attributes:  nil )      } }   //在文档目录下新建folder目录 let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL createFolder( "folder" , baseUrl: url)

4，将对象写入文件
可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。
（1）把String保存到文件

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let  filePath: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/hangge.txt" let  info =  "欢迎来到hange.com" try! info.writeToFile(filePath, atomically:  true , encoding:  NSUTF8StringEncoding )

（2）把图片保存到文件路径下

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let  filePath: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/hangge.png" let  image =  UIImage (named:  "apple.png" ) let  data: NSData  =  UIImagePNGRepresentation (image!)! data.writeToFile(filePath, atomically:  true )

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下

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let  array =  NSArray (objects:  "aaa" , "bbb" , "ccc" ) let  filePath: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/array.plist" array.writeToFile(filePath, atomically:  true )

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下

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let  dictionary =  NSDictionary (objects: [ "111" , "222" ], forKeys: [ "aaa" , "bbb" ]) let  filePath: String  =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/dictionary.plist" dictionary.writeToFile(filePath, atomically:  true )

5，创建文件

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func  createFile(name: String ,fileBaseUrl: NSURL ){      let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager()            let  file = fileBaseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name)      print ( "文件: \(file)" )      let  exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(file.path!)      if  !exist {          let  data =  NSData (base64EncodedString: "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:. IgnoreUnknownCharacters )          let  createSuccess = manager.createFileAtPath(file.path!,contents:data,attributes: nil )          print ( "文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)" )      } }   //在文档目录下新建test.txt文件 let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,      inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL createFile( "test.txt" , fileBaseUrl: url) //createFile("folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)

6，复制文件 

（1）方法1

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  homeDirectory =  NSHomeDirectory () let  srcUrl = homeDirectory +  "/Documents/hangge.txt" let  toUrl = homeDirectory +  "/Documents/copyed.txt" try! fileManager.copyItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录 let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL   // 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件 let  srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let  toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" )   try! manager.copyItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)

7，移动文件 
（1）方法1

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  homeDirectory =  NSHomeDirectory () let  srcUrl = homeDirectory +  "/Documents/hangge.txt" let  toUrl = homeDirectory +  "/Documents/moved" try! fileManager.moveItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录 let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL   let  srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let  toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" ) // 移动srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt） try! manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)

8，删除文件 
（1）方法1

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  homeDirectory =  NSHomeDirectory () let  srcUrl = homeDirectory +  "/Documents/hangge.txt" try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(srcUrl)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录 let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory (  NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,      inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  url = urlForDocument[0]  as  NSURL   let  toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" ) // 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件（copyed.txt文件） try! manager.removeItemAtURL(toUrl)

9，删除目录下所有的文件
（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  myDirectory =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/Files" let  fileArray:[ AnyObject ]? = fileManager.subpathsAtPath(myDirectory) for  fn  in  fileArray!{      try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory +  "/\(fn)" ) }

（2）方法2：删除目录后重新创建该目录

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let  fileManager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  myDirectory =  NSHomeDirectory () +  "/Documents/Files" try! fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory) try! fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories:  true ,      attributes:  nil )

10，读取文件

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let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  docPath: NSURL  = urlsForDocDirectory[0]  as  NSURL let  file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )   //方法1 let  readHandler = try!  NSFileHandle (forReadingFromURL:file) let  data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile() let  readString =  NSString (data: data, encoding:  NSUTF8StringEncoding ) print ( "文件内容: \(readString)" )   //方法2 let  data = manager.contentsAtPath(file.path!) let  readString =  NSString (data: data!, encoding:  NSUTF8StringEncoding ) print ( "文件内容: \(readString)" )

11，在任意位置写入数据

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let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  docPath: NSURL  = urlsForDocDirectory[0]  as  NSURL let  file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )   let  string =  "添加一些文字到文件末尾" let  appendedData = string.dataUsingEncoding( NSUTF8StringEncoding , allowLossyConversion:  true ) let  writeHandler = try?  NSFileHandle (forWritingToURL:file) writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile() writeHandler!.writeData(appendedData!)

12，文件权限判断

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let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  docPath: NSURL  = urlsForDocDirectory[0]  as  NSURL let  file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )   let  readable = manager.isReadableFileAtPath(file.path!) print ( "可读: \(readable)" ) let  writeable = manager.isWritableFileAtPath(file.path!) print ( "可写: \(writeable)" ) let  executable = manager.isExecutableFileAtPath(file.path!) print ( "可执行: \(executable)" ) let  deleteable = manager.isDeletableFileAtPath(file.path!) print ( "可删除: \(deleteable)" )

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

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let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,      inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  docPath: NSURL  = urlsForDocDirectory[0]  as  NSURL let  file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" )   let  attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItemAtPath(file.path!)  //结果为AnyObject类型 print ( "attributes: \(attributes!)" )

14，文件/文件夹比较

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let  manager =  NSFileManager .defaultManager() let  urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory ,      inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let  docPath: NSURL  = urlsForDocDirectory[0]  as  NSURL let  contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(docPath.path!)   //下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录） let  count = contents.count if  count > 1 {      let  path1 = docPath.path! +  "/"  + (contents[0]  as  String )      let  path2 = docPath.path! +  "/"  + (contents[1]  as  String )      let  equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)      print ( "比较结果: \(equal)" ) }

原文出自： www.hangge.com   转载请保留原文链接： http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html