一个精简的linux内核分析

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-04 16:40:51 发布

沈鑫Real

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-04 16:40:51 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sxLDWX/article/details/44228699

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作者：沈鑫原创作品转载请注明出处
《Linux内核分析》MOOC课程http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000029000

首先是mypcb.h，这里主要定义了两个结构体分别用于表示Thread 和 PCB

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
 *
 *  Kernel internal PCB types
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*8

/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long       ip;
    unsigned long       sp;
};

typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;
    volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long   task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

然后是myiinterrupt.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_timer_handler
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
 //这里是时间控制程序，定义多长时间更换一下进程状态
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)          //这里这设置的是进程的运行时间
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;     
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {
        /* switch to next process */
        //这段嵌入式汇编实现了当前进程状态的保存，以及跳转到下一进程
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        ); 
        my_current_task = next; 
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);      
    }
    else          //当CPU中只有一个进程的时候，程序会执行到这个位置
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
        /* switch to new process */
        //这段嵌入式汇编实现了当前进程状态的保存，以及跳转到下一进程
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );          
    }   
    return; 
}

最后是mymain.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mymain.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_start_kernel
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];            //这里定义了最大任务数量，也就是4
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;      //这个指针指向当前任务
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;     //控制进程状态

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    //最开始内核中是没有任务的，这里对第一个任务进行处理
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, **0 runnable**, >0 stopped */
    //第一个任务的入口地址就是my_process方法的入口地址
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;   
    //设置第一个任务的占空间      
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];               //此时系统中只有当前一个任务，所以next指向的地址就是自身的地址
    /*fork more process */
    //生成MAX_TASK-1个新的进程
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));     //新的进程的进程空间与0号进程相同
        //接下来几句是对进程进行初始化
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;       //state == -1,表明当前进程不可执行
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        //让当前进程的下一个进程指向第0号进程，因为第0号进程最初指向的是自己
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;  
        //上一个进程指向的是当前进程          
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];            //从第0号进程开始
    //这里是嵌入式汇编
    asm volatile(
        "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"     /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
        "pushl %1\n\t"          /* push ebp */
        //这里将task[pid].thread.ip入栈，在ret的时候就能进入这个入栈的进程
        "pushl %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */    
        "ret\n\t"               /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        : 
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}   
void my_process(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%100000000 == 0)            //这里是设置时间片的大小，设置大一些方便看
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;     //当这个状态为0时，才可以进行进程的切换
                my_schedule();
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

这里写图片描述

对进程的分析：
1、CPU首先通过这个方法创建了第一个进程，并对进程进行了初始化工作

void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
    asm volatile(
        "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"     /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
        "pushl %1\n\t"          /* push ebp */
        "pushl %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
        "ret\n\t"               /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        : 
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}

2、这段程序创建了多个进程，并对进程进行了初始化

/*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }

3、由于第一个进程的入口地址被指向了my_process方法，所以从第一个进程开始便开始执行my_process方法

 task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;

4、my_process方法中对my_need_sched 的状态进行了修改，使得CPU能够执行到my_timer_handler方法中的printk方法；
并且调用了my_schedule()方法，更新了进程表

 my_need_sched = 0;
 my_schedule();

5、当内核中只有一个进程时，首先执行的是else这段代码，但当内核中不止一个进程时，就不会在进入else这段代码了。

else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
        /* switch to new process */
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );          
    }

6、下面我们来分析一下里面的汇编代码。
“movl $1f,%1\n\t”实际是将下一个进程的地址赋给下一个进程的eip，
在”pushl %3\n\t”之后将这个eip压栈，所以执行接下来的”ret\n\t”
语句之后就跳转到了下一个进程的入口地址，也就是标号1的位置。

/* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );

7、由于在my_start_kernel中对进程表进行初始化时使用的是如下方法，所以进程之间形成了一循环，
也就是0->1->2->3->0。

//让当前进程的下一个进程指向第0号进程，因为第0号进程最初指向的是自己
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;  
//上一个进程指向的是当前进程          
task[i-1].next = &task[i];

总结：
在时间片轮转调度中，所有进程在进程表中形成了一个有向的循环，这样就能实现循环调度了。
next->thread.ip指向的既是当前进程的下一个进程的入口地址，也是下一个进程的当前进程
的入口地址。

沈鑫Real

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一个精简的linux内核分析

首先是mypcb.h，这里主要定义了两个结构体分别用于表示Thread 和 PCB/* * linux/mykernel/mypcb.h * * Kernel internal PCB types * * Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning * */#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4#define KERNEL_STACK_SI
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