工厂模式

1. 定义
   工厂模式定义了一个创建对象的接口，但由子类决定实例化的类是哪一个。工厂模式方法让类把实例化推迟到子类。
2. 案例分析
   假设现在有一个比萨店。

Pizza orderPizza(String type){
        Pizza pizza ;

        if(type.equals("cheese"))
            pizza = new CheesePizza();
        else if(type.equals("greek"))
            pizza = new GreekPizza();

        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();
        return pizza;
}

但是这样做会有一个问题，那就是当我们需要增加和改变pizza类型时必须修改该部分代码，违反了“对扩展开放，对修改关闭的原则”
所以我们可以这么做，

Pizza  PizzaStore{
        Simplefactory  factory;
        public PizzaStore(Simplefactory factory){
                this.factory = factory;
        }
        Pizza orderPizza(String type){
            Pizza pizza ; 
            pizza = factory.createPizza(type)
            pizza.prepare();
            pizza.bake();
            pizza.cut();
            pizza.box();
            return pizza;
}

进一步的，如果有多个工厂我们可以如下设计

package org.sxd.factory;

public abstract class PizzaStore {
    public Pizza orderPizza(String type){
        Pizza pizza;

        pizza = createPizza(type);

        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();

        return pizza;
    }

    abstract Pizza createPizza(String type);
}

将PizzaStore设置成抽象类，那么子类就可以继承这个类，从而自定义ccreatePizza方法，依旧是不同的工厂了。
3. 实现

package org.sxd.factory;

public abstract class PizzaStore {
    public Pizza orderPizza(String type){
        Pizza pizza;

        pizza = createPizza(type);

        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();

        return pizza;
    }

    abstract Pizza createPizza(String type);
}

package org.sxd.factory;

public class PizzaTestDrive {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
        PizzaStore chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();

        Pizza pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
    }
}

package org.sxd.factory;

public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore{

    @Override
    Pizza createPizza(String type) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if(type.equals("cheese")){
            return new NYStyleCheesePizza();
        }
        return null;
    }

}

package org.sxd.factory;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Pizza {
    protected String name;
    protected String dough;
    protected String sauce;

    ArrayList toppings = new ArrayList();

    protected void prepare(){
        System.out.println("Prepareing " + name);
        System.out.println("Tossing dough...");
        System.out.println("Adding sauce...");
        System.out.println("Adding topping: ");
        for(int i =0; i < toppings.size(); i++){
            System.out.println("    " + toppings.get(i));
        }
    }

    protected void bake(){
        System.out.println("Bake for 25 minutes at 350");
    }

    protected void cut(){
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices");
    }

    protected void box(){
        System.out.println("Please pizza in offical PizzaStore Box");
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

}

package org.sxd.factory;

public class ChicagoStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza{
    public ChicagoStyleCheesePizza(){
        name = "Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza";
        dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";

        toppings.add("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
    }
    protected void cut(){
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into square slices");
    }

}

package org.sxd.factory;

public class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore{

    @Override
    Pizza createPizza(String type) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if(type.equals("cheese")){
            return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
        }
        return null;
    }

}

package org.sxd.factory;

public class NYStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza{
    public NYStyleCheesePizza(){
        name = "NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza";
        dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Marinara Sauce";

        toppings.add("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
    }
}