How to read properties file in java

摘要：属性文件在java项目中被用于外部化配置，例如，数据库设置。在这篇文章中，我们将看到如何在java中阅读属性文件。

Java使用Properties类存储在键值对之上。属性。load方法以键值对的形式加载属性文件非常方便。

属性文件看起来是这样的。

有两种方法可以做到这一点。

• Read properties file from system
• Read properties file  from classpath

Read properties file from System :

在这一点上，您需要从系统路径读取属性文件。这里我将属性文件放在项目的根级别。

java code:

package cn.micai.io;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 描述：How to read properties file in java
 * <p>
 *
 * @author: 赵新国
 * @date: 2018/6/7 13:25
 */
public class ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain {

    public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException {

        System.out.println("Reading from properties file");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Properties prop = getPropertyFromSystem("src/main/resources/config.properties");
        System.out.println("host : "+prop.getProperty("host"));
        System.out.println("username : "+prop.getProperty("username"));
        System.out.println("password : "+prop.getProperty("password"));
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");

        /*ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain readPropertiesFileJavaMain = new ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain();
        System.out.println("Reading from properties file");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Properties properties = readPropertiesFileJavaMain.readPropertiesFileFromClasspath("/config.properties");
        System.out.println("host : " + properties.getProperty("host"));
        System.out.println("username : " + properties.getProperty("username"));
        System.out.println("password : " + properties.getProperty("password"));
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");*/


    }

    // Read properties file from System
    private static Properties getPropertyFromSystem(String fileName) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        Properties properties = null;
        try {
            fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
            // create Properties class object
            properties = new Properties();
            // load properties file into it
            properties.load(fileInputStream);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            fileInputStream.close();
        }
        return properties;
    }

    // Read properties file from classpath
    public Properties readPropertiesFileFromClasspath(String fileName) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        Properties properties = null;
        try {
            properties = new Properties();
            inputStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(fileName);

            // create Properties class object
            if (inputStream != null) {
                // load properties file into it
                properties.load(inputStream);
            } else {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("property file '" + fileName + "' not found in the classpath");
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return properties;
    }
}

当您运行在程序之上时，您将得到以下输出：

Read properties file from classpath: 

您也可以将属性文件读取到类路径。您有$project/src作为默认的classpath，因为这个src文件夹将被复制到类中。你可以把它放在$project/src文件夹中，然后从那里读取它。

你需要使用

this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/config.properties");

去读取它从classpath下

package cn.micai.io;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 描述：How to read properties file in java
 * <p>
 *
 * @author: 赵新国
 * @date: 2018/6/7 13:25
 */
public class ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain {

    public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException {

        /*System.out.println("Reading from properties file");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Properties prop = getPropertyFromSystem("src/main/resources/config.properties");
        System.out.println("host : "+prop.getProperty("host"));
        System.out.println("username : "+prop.getProperty("username"));
        System.out.println("password : "+prop.getProperty("password"));
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");*/

        ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain readPropertiesFileJavaMain = new ReadPropertiesFileJavaMain();
        System.out.println("Reading from properties file");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");
        Properties properties = readPropertiesFileJavaMain.readPropertiesFileFromClasspath("/config.properties");
        System.out.println("host : " + properties.getProperty("host"));
        System.out.println("username : " + properties.getProperty("username"));
        System.out.println("password : " + properties.getProperty("password"));
        System.out.println("-----------------------------");


    }

    // Read properties file from System
    private static Properties getPropertyFromSystem(String fileName) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        Properties properties = null;
        try {
            fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
            // create Properties class object
            properties = new Properties();
            // load properties file into it
            properties.load(fileInputStream);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            fileInputStream.close();
        }
        return properties;
    }

    // Read properties file from classpath
    public Properties readPropertiesFileFromClasspath(String fileName) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        Properties properties = null;
        try {
            properties = new Properties();
            inputStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(fileName);

            // create Properties class object
            if (inputStream != null) {
                // load properties file into it
                properties.load(inputStream);
            } else {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("property file '" + fileName + "' not found in the classpath");
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return properties;
    }
}

当您运行在程序之上时，您将得到以下输出：