一、文件上传原理:
1、文件上传的前提:
a、form表单的method必须是post
b、form表单的enctype必须是multipart/form-data(决定了POST请求方式,请求正文的数据类型)
c、form中提供input的type是file类型的文件上传域
二、利用第三方组件实现文件上传
1、commons-fileupload组件:
jar:commons-fileupload.jar commons-io.jar
2、核心类或接口
DiskFileItemFactory:设置环境
public void setSizeThreshold(int sizeThreshold) :设置缓冲区大小。默认是10Kb。
当上传的文件超出了缓冲区大小,fileupload组件将使用临时文件缓存上传文件
public void setRepository(java.io.File repository):设置临时文件的存放目录。默认是系统的临时文件存放目录。
ServletFileUpload:核心上传类(主要作用:解析请求的正文内容)
boolean isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest?request):判断用户的表单的enctype是否是multipart/form-data类型的。
List parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request):解析请求正文中的内容
setFileSizeMax(4*1024*1024);//设置单个上传文件的大小
upload.setSizeMax(6*1024*1024);//设置总文件大小
FileItem:代表表单中的一个输入域。
boolean isFormField():是否是普通字段
String getFieldName:获取普通字段的字段名
String getString():获取普通字段的值
InputStream getInputStream():获取上传字段的输入流
String getName():获取上传的文件名
实例:先在WEB-INF目录下建一个files文件夹,也就是文件都要上传到这里,也是避免其他人直接访问
1.获取files的真实路径
- String storePath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/files");
2.设置环境
- DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
3.判断表单传送方式
- boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
- if(!isMultipart)
- {
- System.out.println("上传方式错误!");
- return;
- }
4文件上传核心类
- ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
5.解析
-
- List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
- for(FileItem item: items)
- {
- if(item.isFormField()){
- String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
- String fieldValue = item.getString();
- System.out.println(fieldName+"="+fieldValue);
- }else
- {
- InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
-
- String name = item.getName();
- String fileName = name.substring(name.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
-
- String storeFile = storePath+"\\"+fileName;
- OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(storeFile);
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- int len = -1;
- while((len=in.read(b))!=-1)
- {
- out.write(b, 0, len);
- }
- in.close();
- out.close();
- }
- }
写一个表单
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
-
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
-
- <title>My JSP '1.jsp' starting page</title>
-
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
- <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
-
-
-
-
- </head>
-
- <body>
- <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/UploadServlet2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
- 用户名<input type="text" name="username"/> <br/>
- <input type="file" name="f1"/><br/>
- <input type="file" name="f2"/><br/>
- <input type="submit" value="保存"/>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
写一个提交servlet:UploadServlet2
- package com.liuzhen.upload;
-
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
-
- public class UploadServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
-
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
-
-
- request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- try {
-
- String storePath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/files");
-
- DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
-
- boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
- if(!isMultipart)
- {
- System.out.println("上传方式错误!");
- return;
- }
- ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
-
- List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
- for(FileItem item: items)
- {
- if(item.isFormField()){
- String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
- String fieldValue = item.getString();
- System.out.println(fieldName+"="+fieldValue);
- }else
- {
- InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
-
- String name = item.getName();
- String fileName = name.substring(name.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
-
- String storeFile = storePath+"\\"+fileName;
- OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(storeFile);
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- int len = -1;
- while((len=in.read(b))!=-1)
- {
- out.write(b, 0, len);
- }
- in.close();
- out.close();
- }
- }
- } catch (FileUploadException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
-
- }
-
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
-
- }