Spring3.X <form:form>标签数据绑定常见异常解决方法

异常：Neither BindingResult nor plain target object for bean name 'command' available as request attribute

这个异常在使用标签<form:form>时经常遇到，原因是因为model中没有绑定表单对象，而spring默认绑定的表单对象名为"command"，或者是因为Controller中声明的绑定对象与form标签中声明的绑定对象名不一致而导致出现的异常。

示例：

1.配置文件略过（使用标注的spring的配置文件非常简单，本例不需要特殊的配置）

2.Controller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
@SessionAttributes("formBean")
public class FormController {

	// Invoked on every request

	@ModelAttribute
	public void ajaxAttribute(WebRequest request, Model model) {
		model.addAttribute("ajaxRequest", AjaxUtils.isAjaxRequest(request));
	}

	// Invoked initially to create the "form" attribute
	// Once created the "form" attribute comes from the HTTP session (see @SessionAttributes)

	@ModelAttribute("command")（注1）

	public FormBean createFormBean() {
		return new FormBean();
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public void form() {
	}

	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public String processSubmit(@Valid FormBean formBean, BindingResult result, 
								@ModelAttribute("ajaxRequest") boolean ajaxRequest, 
								Model model, RedirectAttributes redirectAttrs) {
		if (result.hasErrors()) {
			return null;
		}
		// Typically you would save to a db and clear the "form" attribute from the session 
		// via SessionStatus.setCompleted(). For the demo we leave it in the session.
		String message = "Form submitted successfully.  Bound " + formBean;
		// Success response handling
		if (ajaxRequest) {
			// prepare model for rendering success message in this request
			model.addAttribute("message", message);
			return null;
		} else {
			// store a success message for rendering on the next request after redirect
			// redirect back to the form to render the success message along with newly bound values
			redirectAttrs.addFlashAttribute("message", message);
			return "redirect:/form";			
		}
	}
	
}

3.form.jsp

<form:form id="form" method="post" commandName="command"（注2）  cssClass="cleanform">
			<div class="header">
		  		<h2>Form</h2>
		  		<c:if test="${not empty message}">
					<div id="message" class="success">${message}</div>	
		  		</c:if>
		  		<s:bind path="*">
		  			<c:if test="${status.error}">
				  		<div id="message" class="error">Form has errors</div>
		  			</c:if>
		  		</s:bind>
			</div>
		  	<fieldset>
		  		<legend>Personal Info</legend>
		  		<form:label path="name">
		  			Name <form:errors path="name" cssClass="error" />
		 		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="name" />
	
		  		<form:label path="age">
		  			Age <form:errors path="age" cssClass="error" />
		 		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="age" />
		  		
		  		<form:label path="birthDate">
		  			Birth Date (in form yyyy-mm-dd) <form:errors path="birthDate" cssClass="error" />
		 		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="birthDate" />
		  		 
		  		<form:label path="phone">
		  			Phone (in form (###) ###-####) <form:errors path="phone" cssClass="error" />
		  		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="phone" />
	
		  		<form:label path="currency">
		  			Currency (in form $#.##) <form:errors path="currency" cssClass="error" />
		  		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="currency" />
	
		  		<form:label path="percent">
		  			Percentage (in form ##%) <form:errors path="percent" cssClass="error" />
		  		</form:label>
		  		<form:input path="percent" />
	
		  	</fieldset>
	
			<fieldset>
				<legend>Inquiry</legend>
				<form:label path="inquiry">
					Type (select one)
				</form:label>
				<form:select path="inquiry">
					<form:option value="comment">Comment</form:option>
					<form:option value="feedback">Feedback</form:option>
					<form:option value="suggestion">Suggestion</form:option>
				</form:select>
				
		  		<form:label path="inquiryDetails">
		  			Details
		  		</form:label>
		  		<form:textarea path="inquiryDetails" />
		  	</fieldset>
	
			<fieldset class="checkbox">
				<legend>Request Additional Info</legend>
				<label><form:checkbox path="additionalInfo[mvc]" value="true" />on Spring MVC</label>
				<label><form:checkbox path="additionalInfo[java]" value="true" />on Java (4-ever)</label>				
			</fieldset>
		  		  	
			<fieldset class="radio">
				<legend>Subscribe to Newsletter?</legend>
				<label><form:radiobutton path="subscribeNewsletter" value="true" />Yes</label>
				<label><form:radiobutton path="subscribeNewsletter" value="false" /> No</label>
			</fieldset>
	
			<p><button type="submit">Submit</button></p>
		</form:form>

Controller里必须使用@ModelAttribute("command")来说明绑定对象名（注1），Spring默认的绑定对象名为command,如果Controller使用了"command"为绑定对象名，则form标签中可以省略commandName="command"。（如示例代码）

如果想要使用其他名称作为绑定名，例如@ModelAttribute("user")，则必须在form标签中显式声明commandName="user"或者声明modelAttribute="user"（注2）。