Java自增操作不是原子性操作,有三步:读,增,写;
AtomicInteger:一个提供原子操作的Integer的类。 一种线程安全的加减操作接口, 相比 synchroized、lock 高效.
synchroized:可以保证多线程下原子操作,不过效率低;
volatile:关键字,只能保证可见性,无法保证对变量的任何操作都是原子性的。
public class IncrementTest {
public static int staticCounter = 0; //non-thread-safe
public static Counter synchronizedCounter = new Counter(); //synchronized
public static AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
volatile public static int volatileCounter = 0; //volatile
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) {
staticCounter++;
synchronizedCounter.increment();
atomicInteger.getAndIncrement();
volatileCounter++;
}
}
}.start();
}
while(Thread.activeCount()>1) //保证前面的线程都执行完
Thread.yield();
// try {
// TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
System.out.println("non-thread-safe-> static staticCounter: " + staticCounter);
System.out.println("synchronized Counter: " + synchronizedCounter.getValue());
System.out.println("AtomicInteger: " + atomicInteger.intValue());
System.out.println("nonatomic-> volatileCounter: " + volatileCounter);
}
}
class Counter {
private int value;
public synchronized int getValue() {
return value;
}
public synchronized int increment() {
return ++value;
}
public synchronized int decrement() {
return --value;
}
}