IOC容器在加载的时候,会扫描xml文件里的bean的相关配置,然后为这些bean进行实例化,初始化和创建bean的操作,注入就是在创建过程中,去完成对成员变量的赋值。eg:在A类里引用了B类,声明了一个B类的对象B,注入就是指在IOC容器初始化A的时候,就把A的成员变量B进行赋值。
Spring常用注入方式:
- 设值注入,通过成员变量的set方法进行注入,xml中使用property标签设值,类中提供成员变量的set方法。
- 构造注入:xml中使用contructor-arg标签,类中提供对应构造方法(构造方法的参数名要和标签内name名对应)
注:ref的值是将要赋值给该属性的实例的id值(此处引用的是下面的bean,即下面的一个bean的id)
eg:
接口InjectionDAO:
package com.ioc.injection.dao;
public interface InjectionDAO {
//声明方法
public void save(String arg);
}
实现类InjectionDAOImpl:
package com.ioc.injection.dao;
public class InjectionDAOImpl implements InjectionDAO {
public void save(String arg){
//模拟数据库保存操作
System.out.println("保存数据:"+arg);
}
}
接口InjectionService:
package com.ioc.injection.service;
public interface InjectionService {
public void save(String arg);
}
实现类InjectionServiceImpl:
package com.ioc.injection.service;
import com.ioc.injection.dao.InjectionDAO;
public class InjectionServiceImpl implements InjectionService {
private InjectionDAO injectionDAO;
//设值注入:set方法
public void setInjectionDAO(InjectionDAO injectionDAO) {
this.injectionDAO = injectionDAO;
}
//显式设值构造器:构造器注入
public InjectionServiceImpl(InjectionDAO injectionDAO){ //参数injectionDAO一定要与xml文件中constructor-arg的name属性值相同
this.injectionDAO=injectionDAO;
}
public void save(String arg){
//模拟业务操作
System.out.println("Service接收参数:"+arg);
arg=arg+":"+this.hashCode(); //当前类的hashcode
injectionDAO.save(arg);
}
}
spring-injection.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" >
<!-- 设值注入 -->
<!--
<bean id="injectionService" class="com.ioc.injection.service.InjectionServiceImpl">
<property name="injectionDAO" ref="injectionDAO"></property>
</bean>
-->
<!-- 构造注入 -->
<bean id="injectionService" class="com.ioc.injection.service.InjectionServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="injectionDAO" ref="injectionDAO"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="injectionDAO" class="com.ioc.injection.dao.InjectionDAOImpl"></bean>
</beans>
测试类TestInjection:
package com.test.ioc.interfaces;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.imooc.test.base.UnitTestBase;
import com.ioc.injection.service.InjectionService;
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestInjection extends UnitTestBase {
public TestInjection() {
super("classpath:spring-injection.xml");
}
@Test
public void testSetter(){ //测试设值注入方式
InjectionService service=super.getBean("injectionService");
service.save("这是要保存的数据");
}
@Test
public void testCons(){ //测试构造器注入方式
InjectionService service=super.getBean("injectionService");
service.save("这是要保存的数据");
}
}
运行testSetter():
运行testCons():