Fragment简单视图切换

MainActivity.java：

package com.example.fragmentdemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    FirstFragment firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
    SecondFragment secondFragment = new SecondFragment();
    ThirdFragment thirdFragment = new ThirdFragment();

    private Button button1;
    private Button button2;
    private Button button3;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        button1 = findViewById(R.id.first);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.second);
        button3 = findViewById(R.id.third);

        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //加载Fragment
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fragment,firstFragment).commit();
            }
        });

        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //加载Fragment
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fragment,secondFragment).commit();
            }
        });

        button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //加载Fragment
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fragment,thirdFragment).commit();
            }
        });
    }
}

activity_main：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="200dp"
        android:background="@color/black"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/first"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="first"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/second"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="second"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/third"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="third"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        />

</LinearLayout>

FirstFragment.java：

package com.example.fragmentdemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {
    private final String TAG = "FirstFragment";
    public FirstFragment() {
        super();
    }

    public FirstFragment(int contentLayoutId) {
        super(contentLayoutId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        //和Activity绑定
        Log.i(TAG,"onAttach...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //创建Fragment
        Log.i(TAG,"onCreate...");
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.i(TAG,"onCreateView...");
        //绘制Fragment的视图和组件
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first,container,false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        //Activity创建完成时回调
        //绑定fragment的控件
        Log.i(TAG,"onActivityCreated...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        //Fragment启动完成
        Log.i(TAG,"onStart...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        //恢复Fragment，获取焦点
        Log.i(TAG,"onResume...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        //暂停Fragment，失去焦点
        Log.i(TAG,"onPause...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        //停止Fragment
        Log.i(TAG,"onStop...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        //销毁Fragment的视图和组件
        Log.i(TAG,"onDestroyView...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //销毁Fragment
        Log.i(TAG,"onDestroy...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        //和Activity解绑
        Log.i(TAG,"onDetach...");
    }
}

SecondFragment和ThirdFrament更换填充的布局文件。

fragment_first：

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@color/purple_500"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

fragment_second和fragment_third更换不同颜色。

 Fragment的生命周期：