Spring Security之介绍和基础实现(一)
一、Spring Security介绍
Spring Security 的前身是 Acegi Security ,是 Spring 项目组中用来提供安全认证服务的框架。
spring-security官网Spring Security 为基于J2EE企业应用软件提供了全面安全服务。特别是使用领先的J2EE解决方案-Spring框架开发的企业软件项目。
人们使用Spring Security有很多种原因,不过通常吸引他们的是在J2EE Servlet规范或EJB规范中找不到典型企业应用场景的解决方案。 特别要指出的是他们不能再WAR 或 EAR 级别进行移植。这样,如果你更换服务器环境,就要,在新的目标环境进行大量的工作,对你的应用系统进行重新配 置安全。使用Spring Security 解决了这些问题,也为你提供很多有用的,完全可以指定的其他安全特性。 安全包括两个主要操作。
- 认证: 是为用户建立一个他所声明的主体。主题一般式指用户,设备或可以在你系统中执行动作的其他系统。
- 授权: 指的是一个用户能否有权限在应用中执行某个操作,在到达授权判断之前,身份的主题已经由身份验证过程建立。
二、Spring Security使用步骤
- pom.xml 导入jar依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hzxy</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_security</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>spring_security Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 在web.xml创建filter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>SpringSecurity314</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
- spring-security.xml核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
<!-- 配置不过滤的资源(静态资源及登录相关) -->
<security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html" />
<security:http security="none" pattern="/failer.html" />
<security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false" >
<!-- 配置资料连接,表示任意路径都需要ROLE_USER权限 -->
<security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" />
<!-- 自定义登陆页面,login-page 自定义登陆页面 authentication-failure-url 用户权限校验失败之后才会跳转到这个页面,如果数据库中没有这个用户则不会跳转到这个页面。
default-target-url 登陆成功后跳转的页面。 注:登陆页面用户名固定 username,密码 password,action:login -->
<security:form-login login-page="/login.html"
login-processing-url="/login" username-parameter="username"
password-parameter="password" authentication-failure-url="/failer.html"
default-target-url="/success.html" authentication-success-forward-url="/success.html"
/>
<!-- 关闭CSRF,默认是开启的 -->
<security:csrf disabled="true" />
</security:http>
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider>
<security:user-service>
<security:user name="user" password="{noop}user"
authorities="ROLE_USER" />
<security:user name="admin" password="{noop}admin"
authorities="ROLE_ADMIN" />
</security:user-service>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
</beans>
- 登录页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>姓名:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登录" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 成功跳转页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
success.html
</body>
</html>
- 失败跳转页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
failer.html
</body>
</html>
三、结果展示
- 登录页面
- 成功跳转页面
- 失败跳转页面