OSPF基础练习

OSPF基础配置练习

练习要求

R1-R3为区域0,R3-R4为区域1;其中R3的环回也在区域0。创建区域
R1,R2也各有一个环回 。 环回接口
R1-R3中R3为DR设备,没有DBR。 优先级
R4的环回地址已固定,其他所有网段使用192.168.1.0/24进行合理分配。 VLSM
R4的环回不能宣告。缺省
全网可达,保障更新安全手工认证,避免环路,减少路由条目汇总

OSPF练习拓扑结构图

ospf练习完整拓扑图

创建R1/R2/R3/R4的环回接口

R1

[a1]interface LoopBack 1
[a1-LoopBack1]

R2

[a2]interface LoopBack 1
[a2-LoopBack1]

R3

[a3]interface LoopBack 1
[a3-LoopBack1]

R4

[a4]interface LoopBack 1
[a4-LoopBack1]

分析网段

1.R1/R2/R3处在同一网段下,R3/R4的骨干了链路也需要一个网段,即链路需要两个网段
2.R1/R2/R3的环回接口需要3个网段
3.共需要5个网段

划分网段

192.168.1.0/24 分两个区域
192.168.1.00 00000/25 —— 192.168.1.0/25 —— 区域1
192.168.1.0 00 00000/27 ——192.168.1.0/27 —— 骨干链路
192.168.1.0 01 00000/27 —— 192.168.1.32/27 —— R1环回
192.168.1.0 10 00000/27 —— 192.168.1.64/27 —— R2环回
192.168.1.0 11 00000/27 —— 192.168.1.96/27 —— R3环回
192.168.1.1 0000000/25 —— 192.168.1.128/25 —— 区域二

配置IP

R1

[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.33 27
[r1-LoopBack1]qu
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 27
Oct 18 2023 15:29:59-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

R2

[r2]interface LoopBack 1	
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.65 27
[r2-LoopBack1]qu
[r2]interface g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 27
Oct 18 2023 15:31:08-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

R3

[r3]interface LoopBack 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.97 27
[r3-LoopBack1]qu
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.3 27
Oct 18 2023 15:32:11-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]qu
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.129 25
Oct 18 2023 15:32:33-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

R4

[r4]interface LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 4.4.4.1 24
[r4-LoopBack1]qu
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.130 25
Oct 18 2023 15:34:18-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

配置OSPF

启动OSPF并手工配置RID

R1
[a1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

R2
[a2]OSPF 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

R3
[a3]OSPF 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

R4
[a4]OSPF 1 router-id 4.4.4.4

创建区域

R1
[a1-ospf-1]area 0
[a1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

R2
[a2-ospf-1]area 0
[a2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

R3
[a3-ospf-1]area 0
[a3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[a3-ospf-1]area 1
[a3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

R4
[a4-ospf-1]area 1
[a4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

宣告

R3
[a3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
[a3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.129 0.0.0.0

R1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R2
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R4
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.130 0.0.0.0

配置优先级

R1

[r1]INT GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority  0

R2

[r2]INT G 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

R4

[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

查看R3是否成为DR且没有BDR

[r3]display ospf peer 

	 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
		 Neighbors 

 Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.1.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors
 Router ID: 1.1.1.1          Address: 192.168.1.1     
   State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Slave  Priority: 0
   DR: 192.168.1.3  BDR: None   MTU: 0    
   Dead timer due in 39  sec 
   Retrans timer interval: 5 
   Neighbor is up for 00:02:36     
   Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] 

 Router ID: 2.2.2.2          Address: 192.168.1.2     
   State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Slave  Priority: 0
   DR: 192.168.1.3  BDR: None   MTU: 0    
   Dead timer due in 32  sec 
   Retrans timer interval: 5 
   Neighbor is up for 00:01:31     
   Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] 

		 Neighbors 

 Area 0.0.0.1 interface 192.168.1.129(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors
 Router ID: 4.4.4.4          Address: 192.168.1.130   
   State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Master  Priority: 0
   DR: 192.168.1.129  BDR: None   MTU: 0    
   Dead timer due in 38  sec 
   Retrans timer interval: 5 
   Neighbor is up for 00:00:45     
   Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] 

缺省

R4配置

[r4-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always 

查看是否配置成功

<r1>PING 4.4.4.1
  PING 4.4.4.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=60 ms

  --- 4.4.4.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/54/60 ms

<r2>ping 4.4.4.1
  PING 4.4.4.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 4.4.4.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/46/60 ms

[r3]ping 4.4.4.1
  PING 4.4.4.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 4.4.4.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/20/20 ms

配置手工认证

R1

[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher 123456

R2

[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher 123456

R3

[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher 123456
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]qu
[r3]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher 123456

R4

[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher 123456

手工汇总

配置汇总

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.128

配置空接口

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 25 NULL 0
( OSPF练习.rar ) 练习题一: 问题描述:R1-R4所有的路由器运行OSPF 10,全网全通,并且R1,R2的loopback 口防单点故障; 看看配置几条虚链路才是最合理? 解答:如果此图只要求全网全通的话只要在R2-R3或R1-R4之间只做一条virtual-link就行了; 为了冗余还因此需要做三条virtual-link ① R2-R3 area 14 virtual-link x.x.x.x (x代表对方router-id); ② R1-R4 area 13 virtual-link x.x.x.x ③ R1-R2 area 12 virtual-link x.x.x.x 注意: 本来只需在R1-R4或R2-R3之间只做一跳virtual-link就可以了,为了防止loopbabck单点故障, 因此在R1-R4和R2-R3之间都要做virtual-link;此时就可以防止loopback单点故障; R1-R2之间仍然需要一条virtual-link 这样就可以防止area 0 这条链路故障了; 练习题二: 问题描述: 1、按照上面的图上部分,把r1上的lo重分布到R1上,area 2是stub区域,看看area1 area 0 area2里分别有几类lsa 2、按照上面的图下部分,在R4上将eigrap重分布到R4上,area 2 是nssa区域,看看area1 area0 area2里分别有几类lsa 解答: 上面的下面实验,area0里没有4类LSA,因为虽然真正的ASBR是R4,但是因为AREA2是NSSA,R3要进行7转5的过程,LSA5是由R3产生的,所以R3被认为是ASBR,所以应该是由ABR也就是R2产生4类LSA,所以AREA0里没有4类LSA。 谁产生5类LSA谁就被认为是ASBR,4类LSA是由ABR产生描述ASBR在那里,只有ASBR产生的5类LSA的通告者不变,其他的都会变化。 练习题三: 问题描述:上面是一个hub-spoke模型,其中R1是hub,分别在R1 R4 R5上配置ospf,让他们能够全网可达。上面运行的是ospf的nbma模型。 解决方案:需要确定以下几点 1、要单播指邻居,在R1上指就可以了 2、要确保R1是DR 3、R4 R5要相互添加对方的map表
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