一、定义:
观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,使它们能够自动更新自己。
二、结构图:
三、代码实现:
Subject类:(抽象通知者)
abstract class Subject
{
private IList<Observer> observers = new List<Observer>();
//增加观察者
public void Attach(Observer observer)
{
observers.Add(observer);
}
//移除观察者
public void Detach(Observer observer)
{
observers.Remove(observer);
}
//通知
public void Notify()
{
foreach (Observer o in observers)
{
o.Update();
}
}
}
Observer类(抽象观察者)
abstract class Observer
{
public abstract void Update();
}
ConcreteSubject类(具体主题或具体通知者)
class ConcreteSubject : Subject
{
private string subjectState;
//具体通知者状态
public string SubjectState
{
get { return subjectState; }
set { subjectState = value; }
}
}
ConcreteObserve类:
class ConcreteObserver : Observer
{
private string name;
private string observerState;
private ConcreteSubject subject;
public ConcreteObserver(
ConcreteSubject subject, string name)
{
this.subject = subject;
this.name = name;
}
//更新
public override void Update()
{
observerState = subject.SubjectState;
Console.WriteLine("观察者{0}的新状态是{1}",
name, observerState);
}
public ConcreteSubject Subject
{
get { return subject; }
set { subject = value; }
}
}
客户端代码:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConcreteSubject s = new ConcreteSubject();
s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "X"));
s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "Y"));
s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "Z"));
s.SubjectState = "ABC";
s.Notify();
Console.Read();
}
结果显示如下: