java自学日记7

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为了使用类而做的准备工作实际包含三个步骤：
- 加载：由类加载器执行。查找字节码，并从这些字节码中创建一个Class对象
- 链接：验证类中的字节码，为静态域分配存储空间，并且如果必需的话，将解析这个类创建的对其他类的所有引用。
- 初始化：如果该类具有超类，则对其初始化，执行静态初始化器和静态初始化块。

这一点非常重要，下面通过一个实例来说明这两者的区别：

package rtti;
import java.util.Random;
class Initable {
        static final int staticFinal = 47;
        static final int staticFinal2 = ClassInitialization.rand.nextInt(1000);

        static {
            System.out.println("Initializing Initable");
        }
}
class Initable2 {
        static int staticNonFinal = 147;

        static {
            System.out.println("Initializing Initable2");
        }
}
class Initable3 {
        static int staticNonFinal = 74;

        static {
            System.out.println("Initializing Initable3");
        }
}
public class ClassInitialization {

        public static Random rand = new Random(47);

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // Does not trigger initialization
            Class initable = Initable.class;
            System.out.println("After creating Initable ref");
            // Does not trigger initialization
            System.out.println(Initable.staticFinal);
            // Does trigger initialization(rand() is static method)
            System.out.println(Initable.staticFinal2);

            // Does trigger initialization(not final)
            System.out.println(Initable2.staticNonFinal);

            try {
                Class initable3 = Class.forName("rtti.Initable3");
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("Can't find Initable3");
                System.exit(1);
            }
            System.out.println("After creating Initable3 ref");
            System.out.println(Initable3.staticNonFinal);
        }
}

输出：

After creating Initable ref
47
Initializing Initable
258
Initializing Initable2
147
Initializing Initable3
After creating Initable3 ref
74