c++(父类与子类,继承)

c++(父类与子类,继承)

inheritance(继承)

• Allows sharing og design for

  -Member data

  -Member functions

  -interfaces(接口)

• The ability to define the behavior or implementation(执行) of one class as a superset(扩充) of another class

class relationship:

Manager->Employee

Manager is named that Derived class sub Child

Employee is named that: Base class super parent

如何继承

#include<iostream>
using namespace std; 
class A{  
public:  
        A():i(0){cout<<"A()"<<endl;}
        ~A(){cout<<"~A()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<i<<endl;}
private:
        int i;          
};    
class B:public A{  //B共有继承A的属性
};  
int main(){
        B b; 
        b.fprint();
        return 0;
}

result

A()
0
~A()

exp

#include<iostream>
using namespace std; 
class A{  
public:  
        A(int i):i(i){cout<<"A()"<<endl;}
        ~A(){cout<<"~A()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<i<<endl;}
private:
        int i;          
};    
class B:public A{
public:
        B():A(15){cout<<"B()"<<endl;}
        ~B(){cout<<"~B()"<<endl;}
};  
int main(){
        B b;
        b.fprint();
        return 0;
} 

result:

A()
B()
15
~B()
~A()

父类比子类更先创造,子类先进行析构

exp2

先看第一个例子

#include<iostream>
using namespace std; 
class A{  
public:  
        A(int i):i(i){cout<<"A()"<<endl;}
        ~A(){cout<<"~A()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<"A"<<endl;}
private:
        int i;          
};    
class B:public A{
public:
        B():A(15){cout<<"B()"<<endl;}
        ~B(){cout<<"~B()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<"B"<<endl;}
};
int main(){ 
        B b;
        b.fprint();
        return 0;
} 

result;

A()
B()
B
~B()
~A()

当父类与子类定义相同的成员函数的时候,子类调用的是子类的同名函数

exp4

#include<iostream>
using namespace std; 
class A{  
public:  
        A(int i):i(i){cout<<"A()"<<endl;}
        ~A(){cout<<"~A()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<"A"<<endl;}
        void fprint(int n){cout<<n<<end;}
private:     
        int i;          
};
class B:public A{
public:
        B():A(15){cout<<"B()"<<endl;}
        ~B(){cout<<"~B()"<<endl;}
        void fprint(){cout<<"B"<<endl;}
};
int main(){ 
        B b;
        b.fprint(3);
        return 0; 
}

result:
编译器出现:

error: too many arguments to function call, expected 0, have 1; did
      you mean 'A::fprint'?
        b.fprint(3);
          ^~~~~~
          A::fprint

结论:

• 在父类中有overload函数中,子类有同名函数,父类的所用的同名函数都被隐藏了
• 在c++的oop原则中,父类和子类的同名函数是没有关系