Gof定义
定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系,以便当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通 知并自动更新
理解
观察者设计模式:当一个对象(目标对象)的状态发生改变,所有的依赖对象(观察者对象)都将得到通知。例如你在淘宝上购买了一件商品,当你付完钱后,你的淘宝帐户里会记录等待卖家发货这条信息,你的手机会收到一条短信说你手机银行里扣了钱,你的邮箱也可能会收到一封邮件。
UML图
银行取钱例子
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- namespace 观察者模式
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- BankAccount bank = new BankAccount();
- bank.AddObserver(new Emailer());
- bank.AddObserver(new Mobile());
- bank.Withdraw();
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- }
- public class UserAccountArgs
- {
- public string Email { get; set; }
- public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
- public UserAccountArgs(string mail, string phoneNumber)
- {
- Email = mail;
- PhoneNumber = phoneNumber;
- }
- }
- public interface IAccountObserver
- {
- void Update(UserAccountArgs args);
- }
- public class Emailer : IAccountObserver
- {
- public void Update(UserAccountArgs args)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("消息已发送邮件至邮箱:" + args.Email);
- }
- }
- public class Mobile : IAccountObserver
- {
- public void Update(UserAccountArgs args)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("消息已发送短信至手机:" + args.PhoneNumber);
- }
- }
- public class BankAccount
- {
- List<IAccountObserver> list = new List<IAccountObserver>();
- public void Withdraw()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("取钱任务结束");
- //先写死,给UserAccountArgs初始化
- UserAccountArgs args = new UserAccountArgs("ccx@126.com", "135346123113");
- //给有添加到List列表里(有观察的对象,发送通知)
- foreach (var item in list)
- {
- item.Update(args);
- }
- }
- //添加
- public void AddObserver(IAccountObserver observer)
- {
- list.Add(observer);
- }
- //移除
- public void RemoveObserver(IAccountObserver observer)
- {
- list.Remove(observer);
- }
- }
- }
银行取钱例子,进一步,正确写法
- namespace 观察者模式
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- BankAccount bank = new BankAccount();
- bank.AddObserver(new Emailer());
- bank.AddObserver(new Mobile());
- bank.Withdraw();
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- }
- public class UserAccountArgs
- {
- public string Email { get; set; }
- public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
- public UserAccountArgs(string mail, string phoneNumber)
- {
- Email = mail;
- PhoneNumber = phoneNumber;
- }
- }
- public interface IAccountObserver
- {
- void Update(UserAccountArgs args);
- }
- public class Emailer : IAccountObserver
- {
- public void Update(UserAccountArgs args)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("消息已发送邮件至邮箱:" + args.Email);
- }
- }
- public class Mobile : IAccountObserver
- {
- public void Update(UserAccountArgs args)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("消息已发送短信至手机:" + args.PhoneNumber);
- }
- }
- public class Subject
- {
- List<IAccountObserver> list = new List<IAccountObserver>();
- //通知
- public void Notify(UserAccountArgs args)
- {
- foreach (var item in list)
- {
- item.Update(args);
- }
- }
- //添加
- public void AddObserver(IAccountObserver observer)
- {
- list.Add(observer);
- }
- //移除
- public void RemoveObserver(IAccountObserver observer)
- {
- list.Remove(observer);
- }
- }
- public class BankAccount : Subject
- {
- public void Withdraw()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("取钱完成!");
- UserAccountArgs args = new UserAccountArgs("ccx@126.com", "1353463213");
- Notify(args);
- }
- }
- }