Linux下C/C++ 目录和文件操作

    学习Linux环境编程  读取文件和目录是很重要的环节，因为Linux环境下  "一切皆文件"

    首先得明白文件描述符的概念，每一个进程都会默认打开标准输入，标准输出，标准出错 下面这个案列很好的解释文件描述符的概念

    

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{

   char* path = "shao.txt";
   close(STDOUT_FILENO);
   int fd1 = open("/dev/pts/1",O_WRONLY);
   int fd = open(path,O_RDONLY);
   if(fd == -1)
   {
      printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
   }else
   {
     while(1)
     {
       printf("fd1 = %d;fd = %d\n",fd1,fd);
       sleep(1);
     }
     close(fd);
   }
   printf("shaozhongqi\n");
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}
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      Linux系统文件描述符是一个有序的列表 0 1 2 3...进程中把标准输出1关闭掉 打开另一个文件 这个文件就变成标准输出 printf()本质就是在标准输出打印，所以会在另一个控制台打印数据。

    一： Linux文件操作有两种系统调用 和 C/C++库函数  首先讲一下系统调用 有系统提供的操作接口

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int arg,char*args[])
{
   if(arg < 2)
   {
     return 0;
   }else
   {
      char* filepath = args[1];
      int fd = open(filepath,O_RDONLY);
      if(fd == -1)
      {
         printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
         return 0;
      }else
      {
         //read file to buf
         char buf[100];
         memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
         while(read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf)-1) > 0)
         {
           printf("%s\n",buf);
           memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
         }
         close(fd);

      }
   }


   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

   写文件的系统调用：

   

 二：Linux环境下用C库函数进行文件操作：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int arg,char*args[])
{
   if(arg < 2)
   {
     return 0;
   }else
   {
      char* filepath = args[1];
      FILE* fp = fopen(filepath,"r+");
      if(fp == NULL)
      {
        printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
        return 0;
      }else
      {
         char buf[10];
         memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
         size_t rc = 0;
         while(1)
         {
            size_t tmp = 0;
            tmp = fread(buf,1,10,fp);
            rc = rc + tmp;
            if(tmp == 0)
            {
              break;
            }
         }
         printf("rc = %d\n",rc);
      }

   }


   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
    

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>


int main(int arg,char* args[])
{
  if(arg < 2)
  {
     return 0;
  }else
  {
    char* filepath = args[1];
    FILE* fp = fopen(filepath,"a");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
       printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
       return 0;
    }else
    {
       char buf[100];
       memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
       strcpy(buf,"shaozhongqi come from NanJing\n");
       fwrite(buf,strlen(buf),1,fp);
       fclose(fp);
    }


  }


  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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三：用C函数库进行二进制文件的读写操作：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef struct tag_Teacher
{
   char name[10];
   int age;
   char tel[10];

}Teacher;


int main(int arg,char*args[])
{
   if(arg < 2)
   {
     return 0;
   }else
   {
      char* filepath = args[1];
      FILE* fp = fopen(filepath,"r+");
      if(fp == NULL)
      {
        printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
        return 0;
      }else
      {

         Teacher mteacher;
         while(fread(&mteacher,sizeof(Teacher),1,fp)>0)
         {
            printf("name:%s\n",mteacher.name);
            printf("age:%d\n",mteacher.age);
            printf("tel:%s\n",mteacher.tel);
         }
         fclose(fp);

      }

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef struct tag_Teacher
{
  char name[10];
  int age;
  char tel[10];
}Teacher;

int main(int arg,char* args[])
{
  if(arg < 2)
  {
     return 0;
  }else
  {
    char* filepath = args[1];
    FILE* fp = fopen(filepath,"w");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
       printf("%s\n",strerror(errno));
       return 0;
    }else
    {
       Teacher teachers[10];
       memset(teachers,0,sizeof(teachers));
       strcpy(teachers[0].name,"shao111");
       teachers[0].age = 11;
       strcpy(teachers[0].tel,"11111111");

       strcpy(teachers[1].name,"shao222");
       teachers[1].age = 22;
       strcpy(teachers[1].tel,"2222222");

       fwrite(teachers,sizeof( Teacher),2,fp);
       fclose(fp);
    }

四：利用C函数库在linux环境下打印log

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

void writelog(const char* log)
{
    time_t tDate;
    struct tm* eventTime;
    time(&tDate); //get system time
    eventTime = localtime(&tDate);
    int year = eventTime->tm_year + 1900;
    int month = eventTime->tm_mon + 1;
    int day = eventTime->tm_mday;
    int hour = eventTime->tm_hour;
    int min = eventTime->tm_min;
    int sec = eventTime->tm_sec;
    char sDate[16];
    sprintf(sDate,"%04d-%02d-%2d",year,month,day);
    char sTime[16];
    sprintf(sTime,"%02d-%2d-%2d",hour,min,sec);
    char str[1024];
    sprintf(str,"%s-%s-%s\n",sDate,sTime,log);
    FILE* fp = fopen("mylog.txt","a+");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
       printf("write log erro:%s\n",strerror(errno));
    }else
    {
       fputs(str,fp);
       fclose(fp);
    }
    return;
}


int main(int arg,char* args[])
{
    writelog("begin write log");
    printf("hello world\n");
    writelog("end write log");

五：系统调用进行目录的操作

int main(int arg,char*args[])
{

    if(arg < 2)
    {
      return 0;
    }else
    {
       DIR* dp;
       struct dirent* dirp;
       dp = opendir(args[1]);
       if(dp == NULL)
       {
          printf("open error ",strerror(errno));
          return 0;
       }
       while((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL )
       {
          printf("%s\n",dirp->d_name);
       }
       closedir(dp);

    }

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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Ok 文件操作到此结束 里面很多细节要记得清晰啊~~~