2012年 上半年 第十三周 C++程序设计 （三十七）

【任务】阅读下面的程序
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

class Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
}; 

class Car: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; 	} 
}; 

class Airplane: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} 
}; 

int main() 
{
	cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle v;
	v.run();
	Car car; 
	Airplane airplane; 
	car.run();
	airplane.run();

	cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle *vp;
	vp=&car;
	vp->run();
	vp=&airplane;
	vp->run();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
} 

（任务1）请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

class Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
}; 

class Car: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; 	} 
}; 

class Airplane: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} 
}; 

int main() 
{
	cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle v;
	v.run();
	Car car; 
	Airplane airplane; 
	car.run();
	airplane.run();

	cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle *vp;
	vp=&car;
	vp->run();
	vp=&airplane;
	vp->run();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
} 

（任务1.2）如果将Vehicle类的定义修改为虚函数，其余不变，请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
 virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

class Vehicle 
{public: 
	virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};


class Car: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; 	} 
}; 

class Airplane: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} 
}; 

int main() 
{
	cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle v;
	v.run();
	Car car; 
	Airplane airplane; 
	car.run();
	airplane.run();

	cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle *vp;
	vp=&car;
	vp->run();
	vp=&airplane;
	vp->run();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
} 

（任务1.3）如果将Vehicle类的定义修改为纯虚函数，找出main()函数中将使编译出错的行删除（或改为注释），请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
 virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
};

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

class Vehicle 
{public: 
	virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
}; 



class Car: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; 	} 
}; 

class Airplane: public Vehicle 
{
public: 
	void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} 
}; 

int main() 
{
	cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	/*Vehicle v;
	v.run();*/
	Car car; 
	Airplane airplane; 
	car.run();
	airplane.run();

	cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
	Vehicle *vp;
	vp=&car;
	vp->run();
	vp=&airplane;
	vp->run();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
} 

 

结论：

（1）纯虚函数是不能被调用的！

（2）派生类是基类的具体化！

（3）抽象类作为共同基类！