Spring Boot会根据应用特征创建多个application context

Spring中ApplicationContext是有父子关系的，我们可以看到org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext中有个private ApplicationContext parent数据成员，

@Nullable
private ApplicationContext parent;

子容器可以访问父容器，父容器无法访问子容器。我们需要了解的是Spring是如何确定父子关系，如何实例化父子容器的。

一、AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext

通常情况下，如果我们使用的是内置tomcat，Spring Boot会创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext这个类型的application context。

二、AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

在Spring Cloud环境下，由于会有配置中心的存在，配置需要在加载应用bean之前处理，所以Spring Boot会创建一个额外的application context，并且它是应用application context的父容器。创建动作是在监听器中完成的：
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapApplicationListener
在监听事件中就创建了application context。

	@Override
	public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = event.getEnvironment();
		if (!bootstrapEnabled(environment) && !useLegacyProcessing(environment)) {
			return;
		}
		// don't listen to events in a bootstrap context
		if (environment.getPropertySources().contains(BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) {
			return;
		}
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
		String configName = environment.resolvePlaceholders("${spring.cloud.bootstrap.name:bootstrap}");
		for (ApplicationContextInitializer<?> initializer : event.getSpringApplication().getInitializers()) {
			if (initializer instanceof ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer) {
				context = findBootstrapContext((ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer) initializer, configName);
			}
		}
		if (context == null) {
			context = bootstrapServiceContext(environment, event.getSpringApplication(), configName);
			event.getSpringApplication().addListeners(new CloseContextOnFailureApplicationListener(context));
		}

		apply(context, event.getSpringApplication(), environment);
	}

具体流程是应用通过SpringApplication.run()方法启动，在执行到prepareEnvironment()方法里面时，里面会再次调用run()方法，然后创建一个AnnotationConfigApplicationContext，随之prepareEnvironment()方法执行结束，继续创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext

	public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
		StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
		stopWatch.start();
		DefaultBootstrapContext bootstrapContext = createBootstrapContext();
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
		configureHeadlessProperty();
		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
		listeners.starting(bootstrapContext, this.mainApplicationClass);
		try {
			ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
			ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, bootstrapContext, applicationArguments);
			configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
			Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
			context = createApplicationContext();
			context.setApplicationStartup(this.applicationStartup);
			prepareContext(bootstrapContext, context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
			refreshContext(context);
			afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
			stopWatch.stop();
			if (this.logStartupInfo) {
				new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
			}
			listeners.started(context);
			callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			handleRunFailure(context, ex, listeners);
			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
		}

		try {
			listeners.running(context);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			handleRunFailure(context, ex, null);
			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
		}
		return context;
	}