- 概述
- 需求描述
- 方案分析
- 操作步骤
- 注意事项
- 导出导入全库
- 单表 以及单表按条件导出导入
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概述
数据泵的作用:
- 1.实现逻辑备份和逻辑恢复
- 2.在数据库用户之间移动对象
- 3.在数据库之间移动对象
- 4.实现表空间转移
数据泵的特点与传统导出导入的区别
- 1.EXP和IMP是客户段工具程序, EXPDP和IMPDP是服务端的工具程序
- 2.EXP和IMP效率比较低. EXPDP和IMPDP效率高
- 3.数据泵功能强大并行、过滤、转换、压缩、加密、交互等等
- 4.数据泵不支持9i以前版本, EXP/IMP短期内还是比较适用
- 5.同exp/imp数据泵导出包括导出表,导出方案,导出表空间,导出数据库4种方式.
需求描述
198测试环境的cc用户下的全量数据,需要同步到到准生产环境197一份
方案分析
因数据库版本为11.2(大于Oracle10g)初步确定使用数据泵的方式从198导出后导入197数据库
操作步骤
expdp
SQL 窗口下执行以下操作
1.创建逻辑目录
创建逻辑目录
SQL> create directory dir_dp as '/oracle/oracle11';
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2.查看目录
同时查看操作系统是否存在,如果不存在,mkdir -p 新建目录 否则出错
SELECT privilege, directory_name, DIRECTORY_PATH FROM user_tab_privs t, all_directories d WHERE t.table_name(+) = d.directory_name ORDER BY 2, 1;
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或者 可以查看
select * from dba_directories ;
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DATA_PUMP_DIR就是直接可以用的DUMP目录,导出文件和导入文件就放在上面的路径下,如果没有,则需要手动创建并赋给读/写权限.
如果没有查询到的话,刷新一下
SQL> host ls /oracle/oracle11
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3.给cc用户赋予在指定目录的操作权限
以dba用户等管理员赋予
SQL> Grant read,write on directory dir_dp to cc;
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4. 导出数据
使用主机的Oracle用户
按用户导/导出指定schema:
oracle@entel2:[/oracle]$expdp cc/password@//10.45.7.198:1521/cc schemas=cc directory=dir_dp dumpfile =expdp_test1.dmp logfile=expdp_test1.log; ........... Dump file set for CC.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /oracle/oracle11/expdp_test1.dmp Job "CC"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Sat Aug 20 12:02:13 2016 elapsed 0 00:01:33
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参数解析:
- schemas:数据库用户别名 而非实例名
- cc/password@//10.45.7.198:1521/cc port后面指定的是实例名 ,最前面的是用户名和密码
scp dmp 到目标主机
[root@entel2 ~]# scp expdp_198.dmp oracle@10.45.7.197:/oracle/oracle11
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impdp
删除用户
SQL> DROP USER cc CASCADE;
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创建用户
SQL>CREATE USER cc IDENTIFIED BY password DEFAULT TABLESPACE TAB_CC;
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赋予权限
SQL>GRANT CONNECT ,RESOURCE TO cc ; SQL>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO cc ; SQL>GRANT DBA TO cc ;
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使用Oracle用户导入
相同的schema
oracle@entel1:[/oracle]$impdp cc/password@//10.45.7.197:1521/cc schemas=cc directory=dir_dp_198 dumpfile =expdp_198.dmp logfile=expdp_198.log;
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不同的schema
oracle@entel1:[/oracle]$impdp entelcc_st4/password@//10.45.7.197:1521/cc schemas=cc remap_schema=cc:entelcc_st4 directory=dir_dp_198 dumpfile =expdp_198.dmp logfile=expdp_198.log;
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说明:
- 目标主机上 directory也需要建立 ,并赋予读写权限,如果不指定,则使用缺省目录 缺省Directory为DATA_PUMP_DIR
--查看缺省目录 select * from dba_directories where directory_name='DATA_PUMP_DIR';
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DATA_PUMP_DIR这个目录,是系统缺省目录,如不单独指定目录,dmp文件会在这里,但默认这个目录其他用户是没有权限的。
- dmp文件需要存放到对应的directory目录下,否者导入报错
如果目标库的schema和源库的schema一致,按以上脚本即可,不一致的情况需要指定,语法如下:
schemas=old_schema remap_schema=old_schema:new_schema
否者报错:
ORA-39002: invalid operation ORA-39166: Object ENTELCC_ST4 was not found.
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REMAP_SCHEMA、REMAP_TABLESPACE、REMAP_DATAFILE
除了REMAP_SCHEMA,还有REMAP_TABLESPACE、REMAP_DATAFILE 等
1、REMAP_SCHEMA
该选项用于将源方案的所有对象装载到目标方案中:REMAP_SCHEMA=source_schema:target_schema
2、REMAP_TABLESPACE
将源表空间的所有对象导入到目标表空间中:REMAP_TABLESPACE=source_tablespace:target:tablespace
3、REMAP_DATAFILE 该选项用于将源数据文件名转变为目标数据文件名,在不同平台之间搬移表空间时可能需要该选项.
REMAP_DATAFIEL=source_datafie:target_datafile
不同路径下的dump文件同时导入
需要创建多个directory
指定 dumpfile=dir1:1.dmp,dir2:2.dm
查看脚本
查看各个SCHEMA占用空间的大小
select owner,round(sum(bytes/1024/1024),2)||' MB' as schema_size from dba_segments group by owner order by SCHEMA_SIZE desc;
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查询己经导入的对象个数
select owner,count(*) from dba_objects where owner like 'ENTELCC_ST4%' group by owner order by owner;
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这里不同的schema,之前没有注意到,导致一直报错,看到了yfleng2002的博文Oracle schema 级别的数据迁移,赞一个。
schema解释
A schema is a collection of database objects (used by a user.).
Schema objects are the logical structures that directly refer to the database’s data.
A user is a name defined in the database that can connect to and access objects.
Schemas and users help database administrators manage database security.一个用户一般对应一个schema,该用户的schema名等于用户名,并作为该用户缺省schema。
Oracle数据库中不能新创建一个schema,要想创建一个schema,只能通过创建一个用户的方法解决(Oracle中虽然有create schema语句,但是它并不是用来创建一个schema的),在创建一个用户的同时为这个用户创建一个与用户名同名的schem并作为该用户的缺省shcema。
即schema的个数同user的个数相同,而且schema名字同user名字一一 对应并且相同,所有我们可以称schema为user的别名,虽然这样说并不准确,但是更容易理解一些。
一个用户有一个缺省的schema,其schema名就等于用户名,当然一个用户还可以使用其他的schema。如果我们访问一个表时,没有指明该表属于哪一个schema中的,系统就会自动给我们在表上加上缺省的sheman名。比如我们在访问数据库时,访问scott用户下的emp表,通过select * from emp; 其实,这sql语句的完整写法为select * from scott.emp。在数据库中一个对象的完整名称为schema.object,而不属user.object。类似如果我们在创建对象时不指定该对象的schema,在该对象的schema为用户的缺省schema。这就像一个用户有一个缺省的表空间,但是该用户还可以使用其他的表空间,如果我们在创建对象时不指定表空间,则对象存储在缺省表空间中,要想让对象存储在其他表空间中,我们需要在创建对象时指定该对象的表空间。
以上schema解释参考oracle中schema指的是什么?,感谢分享
注意事项
EXPDP和IMPDP是服务端的工具程序,只能在ORACLE服务端使用,不能在客户端使用
低版本是不能导入高版本dmp,需要在高版本的EXPDP导出时指定版本号导出。低版本IMPDP无需指定版本。
例如:11.2.0.4导入到10.2.0.5
expdp username/password directory=dump_dir dumpfile=test.dmp version=10.2.0.5.0
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导出导入全库
全库导出
单个实例
oracle@entel2:[/oracle]$expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=dir_dp full=y dumpfile=fulldb.dmp parallel=2; 【开始执行........上述命令也可以增加logfile等 自行决定】 Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Oct 24 18:47:01 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=dir_dp full=y dumpfile=fulldb.dmp parallel=2 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 2.294 GB Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE . . exported "ZMC"."NM_ALARM_EVENT" 317.5 MB 467108 rows Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PROFILE Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYS_USER/USER Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/USER Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/ROLE Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/GRANT/SYSTEM_GRANT/PROC_SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/GRANT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLESPACE_QUOTA ..............
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PARALLEL 更改当前作业的活动 worker 的数目。
PARALLEL=<worker 的数目>。指定执行导出操作的并行进程个数,默认值为1
FULL 导出整个数据库 默认为N。
多个实例
如果存在多个实例,需要先export ORACLE_SID
tbprocsdb1:[/oracle$]export ORACLE_SID=testbed tbprocsdb1:[/oracle$]expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=TMP_DIR full=y dumpfile=fulldb20180512.dmp logfile=full20180512.log parallel=4; Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 12 14:06:38 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=TMP_DIR full=y dumpfile=fulldb20180512.dmp logfile=full20180512.log parallel=4 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
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全库导入
$ impdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=dir_dp full=y dumpfile=fulldb.dmp parallel=2 table_exists_action=replace;
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单表 以及单表按条件导出导入
artisandb:[/oracle$] expdp xxx/xxxx@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP include=table:\" =\'TMP_BATCH203\' \" dumpfile =TMP_BATCH203.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH203.log; Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 31 14:31:41 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02": crm/********@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP include=table:" ='TMP_BATCH203' " dumpfile=TMP_BATCH203.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH203.log Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "CRM"."TMP_BATCH203" 9.75 KB 50 rows Master table "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for CRM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02 is: /ccexp/cc/TMP_BATCH203.dmp Job "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully completed at Thu May 31 14:31:49 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:08 artisandb:[/oracle$]
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或者
artisandb:[/oracle$] expdp xxx/xxxxx@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP Tables=TMP_BATCH203 dumpfile =TMP_BATCH204.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH204.log; Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 31 14:36:25 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": crm/********@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP Tables=TMP_BATCH203 dumpfile=TMP_BATCH204.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH204.log Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "CRM"."TMP_BATCH203" 9.75 KB 50 rows Master table "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for CRM.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /ccexp/cc/TMP_BATCH204.dmp Job "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Thu May 31 14:36:28 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:02 artisandb:[/oracle$]
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按照条件
artisandb:[/ccexp/cc$] expdp xxx/xxxxx@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP Tables=TMP_BATCH203 dumpfile =TMP_BATCH206.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH206.log query=TMP_BATCH203:'"where acc_nbr_id=170686"'; Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 31 14:40:16 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": crm/********@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP Tables=TMP_BATCH203 dumpfile=TMP_BATCH206.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH206.log query=TMP_BATCH203:"where acc_nbr_id=170686" Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "CRM"."TMP_BATCH203" 7.601 KB 1 rows Master table "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for CRM.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /ccexp/cc/TMP_BATCH206.dmp Job "CRM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Thu May 31 14:40:27 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:10 artisandb:[/ccexp/cc$]
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然后drop掉TMP_BATCH203
artisandb:[/ccexp/cc$] impdp xxx/xxxxx@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP dumpfile =TMP_BATCH206.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH_1.log ; Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 31 14:44:26 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "CRM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "CRM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": crm/********@PR_CC directory=CC_DUMP dumpfile=TMP_BATCH206.dmp logfile=TMP_BATCH_1.log Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "CRM"."TMP_BATCH203" 7.601 KB 1 rows Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Job "CRM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Thu May 31 14:44:27 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:01 artisandb:[/ccexp/cc$]
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查看数据:
Oracle-数据泵expdp/impdp实操
最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 19:51:34 发布