Android中如何在A应用中访问B应用中的服务了?
这就需要使用AIDL(接口定义语言)来实现。不同进程中对象的传递,需要将对象解析成操作系统能够理解的数据格式,已达到跨界对象访问的目的。
AIDL是一种接口定义语言,用于约束两个进程间的通讯规则,供编译器生成代码,实现Android设备上的两个进程间的通信。进程间的通信信息,首先会被转换成AIDL协议信息,然后发送给对方,对方收到AIDL协议消息后再转换成相应的对象。由于进程之间的通信信息需要双向转换,所有Android采用代理类在背后实现了信息的双向转换,代理类有Android编译器生成,对开发人员是透明的。
使用示例;
(服务端)
AIDL文件;
package cn.example.aidl;
interface StudentQuery {
String queryStudent(int no);
}
package cn.example.service;
import cn.example.aidl.StudentQuery;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class StudentService extends Service{
private String[] names = {"张飞","赵云","关羽"};
private IBinder binder = new StudentBinder();
public String query(int no){
if(no>0 && no<4){
return names[no-1];
}
return null;
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return binder;
}
private class StudentBinder extends StudentQuery.Stub{
@Override
public String queryStudent(int no) throws RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return query(no);
}
}
}
Service在清单文件中配置。
客户端:
在客户端需要将在服务端同样的AIDL文件拷贝过来,这样才能够相互转换通信。
访问者:
package com.example.remoteclient;
import cn.example.aidl.StudentQuery;
import android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter.ViewBinder;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
private EditText studentno;
private TextView nameText;
private StudentQuery studentQuery;
private ServiceConnection conn = new StudentQueryServiceConntion();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
studentno = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.studentno);
Button button = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button);
nameText = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.name);
button.setOnClickListener(new ButtonOnclickListener());
Intent service = new Intent("cn.tdw.service");
bindService(service, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
private class StudentQueryServiceConntion implements ServiceConnection{
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
studentQuery = StudentQuery.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
studentQuery = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
private final class ButtonOnclickListener implements View.OnClickListener{
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String no = studentno.getText().toString();
try {
nameText.setText(studentQuery.queryStudent(Integer.valueOf(no)));
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}