django做自关联时遇到的各种问题

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-20 07:00:00 发布

tang05709

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-20 07:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tang05709/article/details/104571191

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模型


from .BaseModel import BaseModel
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse

class Category(BaseModel):
    STATUS = [
        [0, '正常'],
        [9, '禁用'],
    ]
    MODULE = [
        ['single', '单页面'],
        ['article', '文章'],
        ['product', '产品'],
    ]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name = "栏目名称")
    module = models.CharField(max_length=255, choices = MODULE, verbose_name = "栏目类型")
    parent = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, on_delete = models.SET_NULL, related_name='children', verbose_name = "父级")
    seo_title = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo标题")
    seo_keywords = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo关键字")
    seo_description = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo描述")
    sort = models.IntegerField(default = 0, verbose_name = "排序")
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default = 0, choices = STATUS, db_index = True, verbose_name = "状态")

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('backend:category-index')
    
    # 调用时返回自身的属性，不然都是显示xx object
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table =  'category'

遇到问题1：

ForeignKey设置default无用，php写习惯了，总想给ForeignKey初始化为0，这里行不通了，同时要设置null=True, blank=True，因为顶级分类时没有关联的。

遇到问题2：

既然有parent，那么我在展示select的时候，就想展示成树形结构，所以我自定义了choice选择列表

'''
    组装options
    格式： choices = [[1, 'SH'], [2, 'BJ']]
    '''
    def ListOptions(self, data, pid = None, level = 1):
        options = []
        for obj in data:
            if obj['parent_id'] == pid:
                nextLevel = level + 1
                if level == 1:
                    nameStr = '┖'*level
                else:
                    nameStr = '╌'*level
                tree = []
                tree.append(obj['id'])
                tree.append(nameStr + obj['name'])
                options.append(tree)

                children    = self.ListOptions(data, obj['id'], nextLevel)
                if children:
                    options.extend(children)
                
        return options

def treeview():
    categories = Category.objects.all()
    treeView = TreeView()
    tree = treeView.ListOptions(categories.values())
    tree.insert(0, ['', '顶级栏目'])
    return tree

parent = ChoiceField(choices = treeview(), label = '父级')

这样保存的时候，前端验证就通不过，提示“请在列表选择一项”，我又改了下把

tree.insert(0, ['', '顶级栏目'])

改为

tree.insert(0, [0, '顶级栏目'])

保存又提示

Cannot assign "'0'": "Category.parent" must be a "Category" instance.

这个时因为验证时找不到主键为0的记录。

那我加个验证

def clean_parent(self):
        parent = int(self.cleaned_data['parent'])
        if parent > 0:
            return Category.objects.get(id = parent)

        # Always return a value to use as the new cleaned data, even if
        # this method didn't change it.
        return None

这样好像是可以了，可以添加数据了，但我在去添加数据时，发现下拉列表没数据，又改吧,又添加了

def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(CategoryForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        self.fields['parent'].choices = treeview()

这样可以实时加载了，但保存又出问题了

int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'NoneType'

这是因为choice列表choice在初始化就改变了，验证方式也改变了，所以下面的自定义验证也没有用了。

去掉自定义验证，并且把select顶级改为空。

tree.insert(0, ['', '顶级栏目'])

最终为

model：


from .BaseModel import BaseModel
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse

class Category(BaseModel):
    STATUS = [
        [0, '正常'],
        [9, '禁用'],
    ]
    MODULE = [
        ['single', '单页面'],
        ['article', '文章'],
        ['product', '产品'],
    ]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name = "栏目名称")
    module = models.CharField(max_length=255, choices = MODULE, verbose_name = "栏目类型")
    parent = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, on_delete = models.SET_NULL, related_name='children', verbose_name = "父级")
    seo_title = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo标题")
    seo_keywords = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo关键字")
    seo_description = models.CharField(max_length=255, null = True, verbose_name = "seo描述")
    sort = models.IntegerField(default = 0, verbose_name = "排序")
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default = 0, choices = STATUS, db_index = True, verbose_name = "状态")

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('backend:category-index')
    
    # 调用时返回自身的属性，不然都是显示xx object
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table =  'category'

form：

from .BaseForm import BootstrapModelForm
from django.forms import widgets as widget
from django.forms.fields import ChoiceField
from backend.widgets.TyWidgets import TyRadioSelect
from common.models import Category
from backend.helps.TreeView import TreeView


def treeview():
    categories = Category.objects.all()
    treeView = TreeView()
    tree = treeView.ListOptions(categories.values())
    tree.insert(0, ['', '顶级栏目'])
    return tree


class CategoryForm(BootstrapModelForm):
    #parent = ChoiceField(choices = treeview(), label = '父级')
    #parent = ChoiceField(choices = treeview(), label = '父级')
    #print(parent)
    
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(CategoryForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        self.fields['parent'].choices = treeview()
    

    '''
    def clean_parent(self):
        parent = int(self.cleaned_data['parent'])
        if parent > 0:
            return Category.objects.get(id = parent)

        # Always return a value to use as the new cleaned data, even if
        # this method didn't change it.
        return None
    '''
    
    

    class Meta:
        model = Category
        fields = ['name', 'module', 'parent', 'seo_title', 'seo_keywords', 'seo_description', 'sort', 'status']
        widgets = {
            "status": TyRadioSelect(attrs={'class':'customer-form-radio'}),
            "seo_description": widget.Textarea(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'rows': 5}),
        }

tree：

class TreeView:

    '''
    组装列表
    格式： list = [[id, name, ... ], [id, name, ...]]
    '''
    def ListLayerTree(self, data, pid = None, level = 1):
        trees = []
        for obj in data:
           if obj['parent_id'] == pid:
                nextLevel = level + 1
                tree = {}
                tree['id'] = obj['id']
                tree['parent_id'] = pid
                tree['name'] = obj['name']
                tree['level'] = level
                tree['sort'] = obj['sort']
                tree['status'] = obj['status']
                tree['module'] = obj['module']
                tree['children'] = []
                
                children    = self.ListLayerTree(data, obj['id'], nextLevel)
                if children:
                    tree['children'] = children
                trees.append(tree)
        return trees

    '''
    组装列表
    格式： list = [[id, name, ... ], [id, name, ...]]
    '''
    def ListTree(self, data, pid = None, level = 1):
        trees = []
        for obj in data:
           if obj['parent_id'] == pid:
                nextLevel = level + 1
                tree = {}
                tree['id'] = obj['id']
                tree['parent_id'] = pid
                tree['name'] = obj['name']
                tree['level'] = level
                tree['sort'] = obj['sort']
                tree['status'] = obj['status']
                tree['module'] = obj['module']
                trees.append(tree)
                children    = self.ListTree(data, obj['id'], nextLevel)
                if children:
                    trees.extend(children)
        return trees

    '''
    组装options
    格式： choices = [[1, 'SH'], [2, 'BJ']]
    '''
    def ListOptions(self, data, pid = None, level = 1):
        options = []
        for obj in data:
            if obj['parent_id'] == pid:
                nextLevel = level + 1
                if level == 1:
                    nameStr = '┖'*level
                else:
                    nameStr = '╌'*level
                tree = []
                tree.append(obj['id'])
                tree.append(nameStr + obj['name'])
                options.append(tree)

                children    = self.ListOptions(data, obj['id'], nextLevel)
                if children:
                    options.extend(children)
                
        return options

view：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.views.generic.list import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, UpdateView
from common.models.Category import Category
from backend.forms.CategoryForm import CategoryForm
from backend.helps.TreeView import TreeView

class CategoryIndexView(ListView):
    model = Category # 指定模型
    context_object_name = 'grid' # 默认object_list
    paginate_by = False # 每页显示数量 默认Paginator实例 page_obj
    #ordering = ['-id'] # 默认排序
    template_name = 'category/index.html'

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        categories = Category.objects.order_by('sort').all()
        treeView = TreeView()
        queryset = treeView.ListTree(categories.values())
        return render(request, self.template_name, {'grid': queryset})

class CategoryCreateView(CreateView):
    model = Category # 指定模型
    template_name = 'category/create.html'
    form_class = CategoryForm


class CategoryUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Category # 指定模型
    template_name = 'category/update.html'
    form_class = CategoryForm

    #def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #    adv_positin = Category.objects.get(id = self.kwargs['pk'])
    #    #form = self.form_class(instance=adv_positin)
    #    form = CategoryForm(instance=adv_positin)
    #    return render(request, self.template_name, {'form': form})
    

class CategoryDeleteView(DeleteView):
    #model = Category
    #success_url = '/backend/category/index'

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        category = Category.objects.get(id = self.kwargs['pk'])
        category.status = 0 if category.status == 8 else 8
        print(category.status)
        category.save()
        return redirect('/backend/category/index')

template：

<div class="card-header ty-main-title">
  <h3 class="card-title">
    栏目
  </h3>
  <a class="btn btn-default btn-btn1" href="/backend/category/index">列表</a>
</div>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="{{ request.get_full_path }}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
   
  <div class="card-body">
    {{ form.as_div }}
  </div>
  <div class="card-footer">
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-info" value="submit" />
  </div>
</form>

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django做自关联时遇到的各种问题

模型from .BaseModel import BaseModelfrom django.db import modelsfrom django.urls import reverseclass Category(BaseModel): STATUS = [ [0, '正常'], [9, '禁用'], ] MODULE = ...
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