1 关防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's#^SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
setenforce 0
2 卸载系统自带的Mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
3 检查mysql是否存在
rpm -qa | grep mysql
cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
4 创建mysql用户组
groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
5 下载安装包
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
官网下载 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
6 解压安装包和授权
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
7 创建数据目录和授权
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data && chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
8 新建my.cnf文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400
table_definition_cache = 400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 100G
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 4K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#binlog_format=mixed
#server-id = 1
#expire_logs_days = 1
slow_query_log=1
slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=3
#log_queries_not_using_indexes=on
early-plugin-load = ""
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_read_io_threads = 32
innodb_write_io_threads = 32
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
9 安装mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
故障
# 如果出现以下错误:
2018-07-14 06:40:32 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-07-14 06:40:32 [ERROR] Child process: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldterminated prematurely with errno= 32
2018-07-14 06:40:32 [ERROR] Failed to execute /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --bootstrap --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share --lc-messages=en_US --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
-- server log begin --
-- server log end --
# 则使用以下命令:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
# 如果出现以下错误:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# 则执行以下命令:
yum -y install numactl
# 完成后继续安装:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
10 赋用户权限
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
11 设置开机自启
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig --list
12 建立软链接,在命令行可直接输入mysql命令(或通过配置环境变量方式)
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
13 重启服务
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
systemctl stop mysqld
systemctl restart mysqld
14 获得mysql初始密码
cat /root/.mysql_secret
15 修改初始密码
mysql -uroot -p
set password=password('123456');
flush privileges;
16 添加远程用户访问
use mysql
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'119.139.197.%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
flush privileges;
#查看
select host,user from user;
更新用户密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
17 远程登录方式
远程TCP/IP登陆( 有socket有tcpip时,tcp为主优先登陆)
mysql -uroot -p -h 10.0.0.5 -P3306
mysql -uroot -p -S /tem/mysql.sock -h 10.0.0.5 -P3306
18 故障
故障1
用/etc/init.d/mysqld start 启动失败
MySQL server PID file could not be found![FAILED]
解决:
看是否有mysql 先结束
ps aux|grep mysql
kill -9 pid
故障2 使用mysql -uroot -p 链接提示如下错误
Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock
解决:
ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp
19 chkconfig 启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
chkconfig --list
脚本
#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
# MySQL daemon start/stop script.
# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.
# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /www/server/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
# [mysqld]
# basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
# and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
# below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=
datadir=
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900
# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/www/server/mysql
bindir=/www/server/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/www/server/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/www/server/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/www/server/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=
#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
. $lsb_functions
else
log_success_msg()
{
echo " SUCCESS! $@"
}
log_failure_msg()
{
echo " ERROR! $@"
}
fi
PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH
mode=$1 # start or stop
[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift
other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
# Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
# They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
# of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
*c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;;
*c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;;
*) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;;
esac
parse_server_arguments() {
for arg do
case "$arg" in
--basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
;;
--datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
datadir_set=1
;;
--pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
--service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
esac
done
}
wait_for_pid () {
verb="$1" # created | removed
pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.
i=0
avoid_race_condition="by checking again"
while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do
case "$verb" in
'created')
# wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
'removed')
# wait for this PID-file to disappear
test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
*)
echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
exit 1
;;
esac
# if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
if test -n "$pid"; then
if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
: # the server still runs
else
# The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.
if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
avoid_race_condition=""
continue # Check again.
fi
# there's nothing that will affect the file.
log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
return 1 # not waiting any more.
fi
fi
echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
i=`expr $i + 1`
sleep 1
done
if test -z "$i" ; then
log_success_msg
return 0
else
log_failure_msg
return 1
fi
}
# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults"; then
print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else
# Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
conf=/etc/my.cnf
print_defaults=
if test -r $conf
then
subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
for d in $dirs
do
d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'`
if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
break
fi
done
fi
# Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi
#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#
extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fi
parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`
#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
/* ) ;;
* ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
esac
fi
ulimit -s unlimited
case "$mode" in
'start')
# Start daemon
# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
cd $basedir
echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
then
# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
# may be overwritten at next upgrade.
$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
# Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -w "$lockdir"
then
touch "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
fi
;;
'stop')
# Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
# root password.
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
# signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"
mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
kill $mysqld_pid
# mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
fi
# Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -f "$lock_file_path"
then
rm -f "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
fi
;;
'restart')
# Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
# running or not, start it again.
if $0 stop $other_args; then
$0 start $other_args
else
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
exit 1
fi
;;
'reload'|'force-reload')
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
exit 1
fi
;;
'status')
# First, check to see if pid file exists
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then
log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 0
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
exit 1
fi
else
# Try to find appropriate mysqld process
mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`
# test if multiple pids exist
pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 5
elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
exit 2
fi
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
exit 3
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
exit 4
fi
fi
;;
*)
# usage
basename=`basename "$0"`
echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0