vue源码学习（3）Vue.nextTick()

1. Vue.nextTick的使用

Vue.nextTick的使用的作用:

Vue.nextTick官网示例

Vue.nextTick和平时代码中使用的this.$nextTick原理一样:

//$nextTick 源码
Vue.prototype.$nextTick = function (fn) {
  return nextTick(fn, this)
};
...
//Vue.nextTick源码部分
var callbacks = []
var pending = false
var useMacroTask = false
function nextTick (cb, ctx) {
  var _resolve;
  callbacks.push(function () {
    if (cb) {
      try {
        cb.call(ctx);
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
      }
    } else if (_resolve) {
      _resolve(ctx);
    }
  });
  if (!pending) {
    pending = true;
    timerFunc();
  }
  // $flow-disable-line
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
    return new Promise(function (resolve) {
      _resolve = resolve;
    })
  }
}

1. callbacks 储存vm.$nextTick中的回调函数的列表

callbacks.push(function () {
  if (cb) {
    try {
      cb.call(ctx);
    } catch (e) {
      handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
    }
  } else if (_resolve) {
    _resolve(ctx);
  }
});

2. pending 保证在一轮事件循环中，只向当前任务队列添加一个任务，不会重复添加

  if (!pending) {
    pending = true;
    timerFunc();
  }

3. timerFunc 根据不同的环境，再向当前任务队列添加任务时候，把这个包装成微任务,或者异步任务；

当多次使用 vm.$nextTick 时候，因为是同步执行，那么会先添加回调函数到回调函数列表 callbacks，后面只会执行一次任务函数timerFunc

  var timerFunc;
  // The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
  // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
  // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
  // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
  // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
  // Promise is available, we will use it:
  /* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
  if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    timerFunc = function () {
      p.then(flushCallbacks);
      // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
      // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
      // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
      // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
      // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
      if (isIOS) { setTimeout(noop); }
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
    isNative(MutationObserver) ||
    // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
    MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
  )) {
    // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
    // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
    // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
    var counter = 1;
    var observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks);
    var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
    observer.observe(textNode, {
      characterData: true
    });
    timerFunc = function () {
      counter = (counter + 1) % 2;
      textNode.data = String(counter);
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
    // Fallback to setImmediate.
    // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
    // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setImmediate(flushCallbacks);
    };
  } else {
    // Fallback to setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0);
    };
  }

4. flushCallbacks 执行所有回调并清空列表

在本次这一轮事件循环同步任务执行完后，才会执行微任务/异步任务的回调

  function flushCallbacks () {
    pending = false;
    var copies = callbacks.slice(0);
    callbacks.length = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
      copies[i]();
    }
  }

5. 完整的代码

  var isUsingMicroTask = false;
  var callbacks = [];
  var pending = false;

  function flushCallbacks () {
    pending = false;
    var copies = callbacks.slice(0);
    callbacks.length = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
      copies[i]();
    }
  }

  // Here we have async deferring wrappers using microtasks.
  // In 2.5 we used (macro) tasks (in combination with microtasks).
  // However, it has subtle problems when state is changed right before repaint
  // (e.g. #6813, out-in transitions).
  // Also, using (macro) tasks in event handler would cause some weird behaviors
  // that cannot be circumvented (e.g. #7109, #7153, #7546, #7834, #8109).
  // So we now use microtasks everywhere, again.
  // A major drawback of this tradeoff is that there are some scenarios
  // where microtasks have too high a priority and fire in between supposedly
  // sequential events (e.g. #4521, #6690, which have workarounds)
  // or even between bubbling of the same event (#6566).
  var timerFunc;

  // The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
  // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
  // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
  // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
  // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
  // Promise is available, we will use it:
  /* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
  if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    timerFunc = function () {
      p.then(flushCallbacks);
      // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
      // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
      // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
      // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
      // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
      if (isIOS) { setTimeout(noop); }
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
    isNative(MutationObserver) ||
    // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
    MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
  )) {
    // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
    // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
    // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
    var counter = 1;
    var observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks);
    var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
    observer.observe(textNode, {
      characterData: true
    });
    timerFunc = function () {
      counter = (counter + 1) % 2;
      textNode.data = String(counter);
    };
    isUsingMicroTask = true;
  } else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
    // Fallback to setImmediate.
    // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
    // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setImmediate(flushCallbacks);
    };
  } else {
    // Fallback to setTimeout.
    timerFunc = function () {
      setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0);
    };
  }

  function nextTick (cb, ctx) {
    var _resolve;
    callbacks.push(function () {
      if (cb) {
        try {
          cb.call(ctx);
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
        }
      } else if (_resolve) {
        _resolve(ctx);
      }
    });
    if (!pending) {
      pending = true;
      timerFunc();
    }
    // $flow-disable-line
    if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
      return new Promise(function (resolve) {
        _resolve = resolve;
      })
    }
  }