【TX】生产者与消费者是JAVA多线程中比较经典的案例,生产者不断生产,消费者不断取出生产者生产的产品。
然后这一案例存在两点问题:
A:假设生产者线程刚向数据存储空间添加了信息的名称,还没有加入该信息的内容,程序就切换到了消费者线程,消费者线程将把信息的名称和上一个信息的内容联系到了一起。
B:生产者放了若干次的数据,消费者才开始取出数据,或者是消费者取完一个数据后,还没等到生产者放入新的数据,又重复取出已取过的数据。
1:先定义一个商品类:
package com.tmx.Threads;
public class Product {
private String name;
private String color;
private Double price;
public Product() {
super();
}
public Product(String name, String color, Double price) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.color = color;
this.price = price;
}
..................省略getset方法..................
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Product [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
2:定义生产者和消费者类,由于这两者要操作同一个资源,所以两者均实现Runnable接口
生产者类:
public class Producer implements Runnable{
private Product product;
public Producer(Product product) {
super();
this.product = product;
}
@Override
public void run() {
boolean flag=false;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if(flag){
this.product.setName("桌子");
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.product.setColor("黑色");
this.product.setPrice(20.00);
flag=false;
}else{
this.product.setName("纯净水");
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.product.setColor("无色");
this.product.setPrice(1.00);
flag=true;
}
}
}
}
消费者类:
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Product product;
public Consumer(Product product) {
super();
this.product = product;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(product);
}
}
}
测试类
public class ThreadTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Product product=new Product();
Producer producer=new Producer(product);
Consumer consumer=new Consumer(product);
Thread thPro = new Thread(producer);
Thread thCon = new Thread(consumer);
thPro.start();
thCon.start();
}
}
输出结果:
Product [name=桌子, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=1.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
现在先解决第一个问题 ,商品名称和内容不相符的问题
我们对Product类的属性加上同步处理:
1_1:商品类
public class Product {
private String name;
private String color;
private Double price;
public Product() {
super();
}
public synchronized void setName(String name, String color, Double price) {
this.name = name;
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.color = color;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public synchronized String toString() {
try {
Thread.sleep(12);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "Product [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
2_1:生产者类:
public class Producer implements Runnable{
private Product product;
public Producer(Product product) {
super();
this.product = product;
}
@Override
public void run() {
boolean flag=false;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if(flag){
this.product.setName("桌子", "黑色", 20.0);
flag=false;
}else{
this.product.setName("纯净水","无色",1.00);
flag=true;
}
}
}
}
3_1:消费者类
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Product product;
public Consumer(Product product) {
super();
this.product = product;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(12);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(product);
}
}
}
测试类不变,运行结果:
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
从结果看,信息紊乱的情况已经解决了,但依然会存在重复读取的情况。
对于重复读取的处理,可以加入线程等待和唤醒,在Object类中,有对于线程支持的方法,wait()/wait(long timeout)【线程等待】;notify()/notifyAll()【线程唤醒】;其中notify方法为唤醒第一个等待的线程,notifyAll为唤醒所有的等待线程,哪个线程的优先级别高,哪个线程就有可能优先执行。
所以,为了达到生产一个才能取出一个商品的效果,我们可以在Product类中加入一个标识位。当标识位为false时,约定可以生产,但不能取出,当生产结束时,改变标识位位true,代表可以取出,但不能生产。所以我们修改Product类
public class Product {
private String name;
private String color;
private Double price;
private boolean flag=false;
public Product() {
super();
}
public synchronized void setName(String name, String color, Double price) {
if(!flag){
try {
super.wait();//为true时,代表可以取出,但不能生产,执行线程等待
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.name=name;
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.color = color;
this.price = price;
flag=false;
super.notify();//为false时,唤醒生产者线程
}
public synchronized void String() {
if(flag){
try {
super.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Product [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", price=" + price + "]");
flag=true;
super.notify();
}
}
测试类不变,运行结果为:
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
Product [name=桌子, color=黑色, price=20.0]
Product [name=纯净水, color=无色, price=1.0]
从结果看,生产者每生产一个,消费者就会取走一个,然后生产者再开始生产,如此循环。
最后我们看一下线程的生命周期
线程生命周期中有三个方法,目前已经是不推荐使用的了:suspend();resume();stop()。这三个方法都使用了@Deprecated声明,因为他们会引起死锁问题。
在开发中比较常用的一种停止线程的做法是设置一个标识位,通过标识位的改变来停止线程。
public class ThreadTest3 implements Runnable{
private boolean flag=true;
public ThreadTest3() {
super();
}
@Override
public void run() {
int i=1;
while(this.flag){
while(true){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"运行:"+(i++));
}
}
}
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest3 threadTest3 = new ThreadTest3();
Thread thread = new Thread(threadTest3,"线程");
thread.start();
threadTest3.stop();
}
}