实现简单的web服务器
实现一个简单的Web服务器myhttpd,当浏览器向服务器请求文件时,服务器就从服务目录(例如/var/www)中找出相应的文件,加上HTTP协议头一起发给浏览器。服务器不发送完整的HTTP协议头。
一、基本HTTP协议
打开浏览器,输入服务器IP,例如 http://127.0.1.1 ,如果端口号不是80,例如是8000,则输入 http://127.0.1.1:8000 。这时浏览器向服务器发送的HTTP协议头如下:
GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.1.1:8000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
注意,其中每一行的末尾都是回车加换行(C语言的"\r\n"),第一行是GET请求和协议版本,其余几行选项字段我们不讨论,HTTP协议头的最后有一个空行,也是回车加换行。我们实现的Web服务器只要能正确解析第一行就行了,这是一个GET请求,请求的是服务目录
的根目录,Web服务器应该把该目录下的索引页(默认是index.html)发给浏览器,也就是把/var/www/index.html发给浏览器。假如该文件的内容如下(HTML文件没必要以"\r\n"换行,以"\n"换行就可以了):
<html>
<head><title>Test Page</title></head>
<body>
<p>Test OK</p>
<img src='mypic.jpg'>
</body>
</html>
显示一行字和一幅图片,图片的相对路径(相对当前的index.html文件的路径)是mypic.jpg,也就是/var/www/mypic.jpg,如果用绝对路径表示应该是:
<img src='/mypic.jpg'>
服务器应按如下格式应答浏览器:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
<html>
<head><title>Test Page</title></head>
<body>
<p>Test OK</p>
<img src='/mypic.jpg'>
</body>
</html>
服务器应答的HTTP头也是每行末尾以回车加换行结束,最后跟一个空行的回车加换行。
HTTP头的第一行是协议版本和应答码,200表示成功,后面的消息OK其实可以随意写,浏览器是不关心的,主要是为了调试时给开发人员看的。HTTP头的第二行表示即将发送的文件的类型(称为MIME类型),这里是text/html,纯文本文件是text/plain,图片则是image/jpg、image/png等,这个简单的服务器则只发送jpg图片。然后就发送文件的内容,发送完毕之后主动关闭连接,这样浏览器就知道文件发送完了。这一点比较特殊:通常网络通信都是客户端主动发起连接,主动发起请求,主动关闭连接,服务器只是被动地处理各种情况,而HTTP协议规定服务器主动关闭连接.
浏览器收到index.html之后,发现其中有一个图片文件,就会再发一个GET请求。服务器收到这个请求应该把图片发过去然后关闭连接。
总结一下服务器的处理步骤:
1、 解析浏览器的请求,在服务目录中查找相应的文件,如果找不到该文件就返回404错误页面 。
2、 发送HTTP/1.1 200 OK给客户端
3、 如果是一个图片文件,根据图片的扩展名发送相应的Content-Type给客户端
4、 如果不是图片文件,这里我们简化处理,都当作Content-Type: text/html
5、 简单的HTTP协议头有这两行就足够了,再发一个空行表示结束
6、 读取文件的内容发送到客户端
7、 关闭连接
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define RECV_PORT 8000
#define QLEN 10
#define MAX_SIZE 1024
char browser_com_buf[256];
int mylisten (void)
{
int listenfd;
int err;
socklen_t addrlen;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
char *address = "192.168.0.3";
listenfd = socket ( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); /*creat a new socket*/
if ( listenfd < 0 )
{
printf ( "listen error\n" );
return -1;
}
memset ( &server_addr, 0, sizeof ( server_addr ) );
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; /*IPV4*/
server_addr.sin_port = htons ( RECV_PORT );
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl ( INADDR_ANY );
addrlen = sizeof ( server_addr );
err = bind ( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr * )&server_addr, addrlen );
if ( err < 0 )
{
printf ( "bind error\n" );
return -2;
}
err = listen ( listenfd, QLEN );
if ( err < 0 )
{
printf ( "listen error" );
return -3;
}
return listenfd;
}
int myaccept ( int listenfd )
{
int clientfd;
int err;
socklen_t addrlen;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
addrlen = sizeof ( client_addr );
clientfd = accept ( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr * )&client_addr, &addrlen );
if ( clientfd < 0 )
{
printf ( "accept error\n" );
return -1;
}
return clientfd;
}
void browser_com_analysis ( char *com, char *buf )
{
int i = 0;
unsigned int flag = 0;
char *locate;
locate = strchr ( com, '/' );
if ( locate == NULL )
{
printf ( "not find\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
else
{
while ( *locate != ' ' )
{
buf[i++] = *locate;
locate++;
}
buf[i] = '\0';
}
//printf ( "%s\n", buf );
}
int state_estimat ( char *buf )
{
int len;
unsigned int flag = 0;
int i = 0, j = 0;
char buf1[256];
char *image_style = ".jpg";
char file_name[256] = { "/var/www" };
struct stat statbuf;
len = strlen ( buf );
memset ( buf1, '\0', sizeof ( buf1 ) );
while ( i < len )
{
if ( buf[i] == '.' )
{
flag = 1;
}
if ( flag == 1 )
{
if ( buf[i] == ' ' || buf[i] == '\n' )
{
break;
}
else
{
buf1[j++] = buf[i];
}
}
i++;
}
//printf ( "%s%d\n", buf1, len );
if ( len == 0 )
{
printf ( "http have not send comand\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
else if ( len == 1 )
{
return 1;
}
else if ( len > 1 )
{
strcat ( file_name, buf );
stat ( file_name, &statbuf );
if ( statbuf.st_mode == S_IXOTH ) //其他用户具有可执行权限
{
//如果具有可执行权限,则执行该文件,将结果发送到浏览器上
return 4;
}
else
{
//不具有可执行权限则判断图片还是文件
if ( strcmp ( buf1, image_style ) == 0 )
{
return 2; //浏览器请求的是图片
}
return 3; //浏览器请求的是文件
}
}
}
int find_file ( char *buf, int clientfd )
{
int state;
char my_file_buf[65536 * 2];
int n;
char fault[] = { "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\nContent-Type: text/html\n<html><body>request file not found</body></html>\n\n" };
char head[] = { "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html\n\n" };
char head2[] = { "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: image/jpg\n\n" };
char head3[] = { "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n" };
char file_name[] = { "/var/www" };
memset ( &my_file_buf, '\0', MAX_SIZE );
state = state_estimat ( buf );
if ( state == 1 ) //server send file to browser
{
int filefd;
filefd = open ( "/var/www/index.html", O_RDWR );
if ( filefd < 0 )
{
printf ( "find file failed\n" );
write ( clientfd, fault, strlen ( fault ) );
close ( clientfd );
}
else
{
n = read ( filefd, my_file_buf, MAX_SIZE );
if ( n < 0 )
{
printf ( "read the root file failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
strcat ( head, my_file_buf );
printf ( "%s", head );
write ( clientfd, head, strlen ( head ) );
close ( clientfd );
}
}
else if ( state == 2 )
{
printf ( "picture\n" );
int picture_fd;
int n;
write ( clientfd, head2, strlen ( head2 ) );
memset ( &my_file_buf, '\0', sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
strcat ( file_name, buf );
picture_fd = open ( file_name, O_RDONLY ); //只读打开图片文件
if ( picture_fd < 0 )
{
printf ( "open picutre failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
n = read ( picture_fd, my_file_buf, sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
if ( n < 0 )
{
printf ( "read picutre data failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
write ( clientfd, my_file_buf, sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
close ( clientfd );
}
else if ( state == 3 )
{
printf ( "file\n" );
int file_fd;
int n;
write ( clientfd, head, strlen ( head ) );
memset ( &my_file_buf, '\0', sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
strcat ( file_name, buf );
file_fd = open ( file_name, O_RDONLY );
if ( file_fd < 0 )
{
printf ( "open picutre failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
n = read ( file_fd, my_file_buf, sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
if ( n < 0 )
{
printf ( "read file failed \n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
write ( clientfd, my_file_buf, sizeof ( my_file_buf ) );
}
else if ( state == 4 )
{
printf ( "executable file\n" );
pid_t pid;
pid = fork ();
if ( pid < 0 )
{
printf ( "creat child failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
else if ( pid > 0 ) //parent
{
int stateval;
waitpid ( pid, &stateval, 0 );
close ( clientfd );
}
else //child
{
int err;
char *argv[1];
strcat ( file_name, buf );
argv[1] = file_name;
dup2 ( STDOUT_FILENO, clientfd );
err = execv ( "/bin/bash", argv );
if ( err < 0 )
{
printf ( "execut file failed\n" );
exit ( 1 );
}
close ( clientfd );
}
}
}
int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
int listenfd, clientfd;
int filefd, n;
char recvbuf[MAX_SIZE];
char data_buf[MAX_SIZE];
listenfd = mylisten();
if ( listenfd < 0 )
{
exit ( 0 );
}
printf ( "listening and listen fd is %d......\n", listenfd );
while ( 1 )
{
clientfd = myaccept ( listenfd );
printf ( "accept success......\n" );
if ( clientfd < 0 )
{
exit ( 1 );
}
memset ( &recvbuf, '\0', MAX_SIZE );
memset ( &data_buf, '\0', MAX_SIZE );
n = read ( clientfd, recvbuf, MAX_SIZE );
printf ( "read OK\n" );
if ( n < 0 )
{
printf ( "read error\n" );
exit ( 2 );
}
filefd = open ( "/tmp/read_html.txt", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC ); //open o new file
write ( filefd, recvbuf, n ); //save the http information
browser_com_analysis ( recvbuf, data_buf );
find_file ( data_buf, clientfd );
}
close ( clientfd );
return 0;
}