Spring-框架学习笔记

IOC容器

基于XML的加载方式

package com.bean;
public class Mapp{
	public static void main(String args[]){
		//方式一:利用XmlBeanFactory先生成工厂，再加载路径CLASSPATH下的bean的配置文件。
		XmlBeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("Beans.xml"));
		HelloWorld obj=(HelloWorld) factory.getBean("helloWorld");
		
		//方式二：需要完整的绝对路径
		ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("绝对路径/Beans.xml");
      	HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");
		
		//方式三：加载路径CLASSPATH下的bean的配置文件
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
     	HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");
		
		//其他方式，不一一列出
	}
}

XML配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
   <!--简单写法-->
   <bean id="article" class="com.bean.Article">
   		<!--直接在XML配置中设置属性值-->
   		<property name="message" value="Hello World!"/>
   </bean>
<beans>

作用域

作用域	描述
singleton	在spring IoC容器仅存在一个Bean实例，Bean以单例方式存在，默认值
prototype	每次从容器中调用Bean时，都返回一个新的实例，即每次调用getBean()时，相当于执行newXxxBean()
request	每次HTTP请求都会创建一个新的Bean，该作用域仅适用于WebApplicationContext环境
session	同一个HTTP Session共享一个Bean，不同Session使用不同的Bean，仅适用于WebApplicationContext环境
global-session	一般用于Portlet应用环境，该运用域仅适用于WebApplicationContext环境

生命周期

• Bean的定义——Bean的初始化——Bean的使用——Bean的销毁

DI依赖注入

基于设置方式 / 构造函数注入

• Java 源码写法

package com.bean;
public class Article {
	public Author editor;
	public Author author;
	//基于构造函数
	public Article(Author author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	//设置值的方式
	public void setEditor(Author editor) {
		this.editor = editor;
	}
	public Author getEditor() {
		return editor;
	}
	public Author getAuthor(){
		return author;
	}
}

• XML配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
   <!--以上的写法比较完善的写法-->
   <!--设置值写法-->
   <bean id="article1" class="com.bean.Article">
   		<property name="editor" ref="art1" />
   </bean>
   <bean id="aut1" class="com.bean.Author" />
   
   <!--构造函数写法-->
   <bean id="article2" class="com.bean.Article">
   		<constructor-arg ref="art2"/>
   </bean>
   <bean id="aut2" class="com.bean.Author" />
   
   <!--内部注入属性法-->
   <bean id="article3" class="com.bean.Article">
   		<property name="editor">
   			<bean id="aut3" class="com.bean.Author" />
   		</property>
   </bean>
<beans>

注入集合的写法

XML配置写法，Java代码参照：基于设置方式 / 构造函数注入写法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
   <bean id="..." class="...">
      <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.List -->
      <property name="addressList">
         <list>
            <ref bean="address1"/>
            <ref bean="address2"/>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
         </list>
      </property>
      <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Set -->
      <property name="addressSet">
         <set>
            <ref bean="address1"/>
            <ref bean="address2"/>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
         </set>
      </property>
      <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Map -->
      <property name="addressMap">
         <map>
            <entry key="one" value="INDIA"/>
            <entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/>
            <entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/>
         </map>
      </property>
   </bean>
</beans>

自动装配

自动装配byName

XML配置写法，Java代码参照：基于设置方式 / 构造函数注入写法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
   <!--通过属性值自动装配 -->
   <bean id="article1" class="com.bean.Article" autowire="byName">
   </bean>
   <bean id="editor" class="com.bean.Author">
   </bean>
  	<!--通过属性类型自动装配 -->
   <bean id="article1" class="com.bean.Article" autowire="byType">
   </bean>
   <bean id="Author" class="com.bean.Author">
   </bean>
	
   <!--通过构造函数自动装配 -->
   <bean id="article1" class="com.bean.Article" autowire="constructor">
   </bean>
   <bean id="Author" class="com.bean.Author">
   </bean>
</beans>

注解配置

@Required 、@Autowired 、@Qualifier

• 注解配置-Java 源码配置三种方式：设置值，属性，构造函数

package com.bean;
public class Article {
	//属性中使用注解@Autowired
	//xml中配置多个相同类型的bean,想要用一个属性只为其中的一个进行装配则可以使用@Qualifier("editor2") 
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("editor2")
	public Author editor;
	public Author author;
	public String message;
	//基于构造函数
	//构造函数使用注解@Autowired
	@Autowired
	public Article(Author author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	//设置值使用注解@Autowired
	@Autowired
	public void setEditor(Author editor) {
		this.editor = editor;
	}
	public Author getEditor() {
		return editor;
	}
	public Author getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	
	//表明bean的属性值必须在xml中配置，否则容器抛出异常
	@Required 
	public void setMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
	}
	
	public String getMessage() {
		return message;
	}
}

• 注解配置-xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
  	
   <!--如果使用注解，则使用如下设置-->
   <context:annotation-config/>
   <bean id="article" class="com.bean.Article">
      <property name="message"  value="Zara" />
   </bean>
   <!--Java代码中使用了@Autowired，所有下面的bean会自动注入到Article中的editor【属性】/【构造函数】/【设置值】-->
   <bean id="editor1" class="com.bean.Author">
   </bean>
	
   <bean id="editor2" class="com.bean.Author">
   </bean>
</beans>

@Configuration 、@Bean @Import

• @configuration 表示这个类可以使用SpringIoc容器作为bean定义的来源。
• @Bean 表示Spring ，一个带有@Bean的注解返回一个对象

package com.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class Student {
	public String name;
	public int number;
	public Customer customer;
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number=number;
	}
	//使用注解自动注入
	@Autowired
	public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
		this.customer=customer;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}
	public Customer getCustomer() {
		return customer;
	}
}
//基于Java的Bean配置，如果有多个配置，只需要使用@Import(OtherConfig.class)导入
package com.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import com.bean.Customer;
import com.bean.Student;
@Configuration
public class StudentConfig {
	@Bean
	public Student student() {
		return new Student();
	}
	@Bean 
	public Customer customer() {
		return new Customer();
	}
	//【依赖性】使用手动注入，也可以省略直接使用注解自动注入
	@Bean
	public Customer diStudent() {
		Student student=student();
		student.setCustomer(customer());
		return student.getCustomer();
	}
}


package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import com.bean.Student;//忽略
import com.config.StudentConfig;
//测试Bean使用的方法
public class Test{
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		//第一种加载方法
		//ApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(StudentConfig.class);
		/*******第二种加载方法start*******/
		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
		context.register(StudentConfig.class);
		context.refresh();
		/*******第二种加载方法end*******/
		Student student=context.getBean(Student.class);
		student.setName("小明");
		student.setNumber(22);
		System.out.println("姓名:"+student.getName()+" | 学号："+student.getNumber());
	}
}

事件处理

https://www.w3cschool.cn/wkspring/reap1icq.html

AOP面向切面

https://www.w3cschool.cn/wkspring/omps1mm6.html