Ubuntu安装docker

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使用 apt 存储库安装

在新主机上首次安装 Docker Engine 之前，您需要设置 Docker 存储库。之后，您可以从存储库安装和更新 Docker。

设置存储库

1. 更新apt包索引并安装包以允许apt通过 HTTPS 使用存储库：

#更新本地的软件包列表
sudo apt-get update

#安装必要的依赖项，包括 ca-certificates 和 curl
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg

问题
sudo apt-get update 报错

root@BM01-cyzx-sqmyfxyppt-001:/etc/docker# sudo apt-get update 
Err:1 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.ustc.edu.cn'
Err:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-backports/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-security/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.ustc.edu.cn'
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

解决办法：
ubuntu的服务器在国外，使用国内的软件源在下载时更新受到限制，将服务地址修改成国内的地址

找到软件源文件

cd  /etc/apt

备份

sudo tar -zcvf sources.list.tar.gz sources.list

修改源文件地址

输入以下命令：sudo vim sources.list

将地址archive.ubuntu.com 更改为 mirrors.aliyun.com

按ESC，然后 wq保存退出

重新测试 sudo apt-get update

root@BM01-cyzx-sqmyfxyppt-001:/etc/apt# sudo apt-get update 
Err:1 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.ustc.edu.cn'
Err:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
Err:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
Err:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
Err:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-backports/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-security/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.ustc.edu.cn'
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

解决办法
修改/etc/resolv.conf，在里边加上如下：

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 114.114.114.114

可以ping通www.baidu.com之后，执行sudo apt-get update

2. 添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：

#创建 /etc/apt/keyrings 目录，该目录用于存储 Docker 的 GPG 密钥
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

#从 Docker 官方网站下载 GPG 密钥并将其保存到 /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc 文件中。
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

#更改密钥文件的权限以确保只有管理员可以访问它
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

问题：官方采用的软件源，慢，下载不下来

sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

解决办法：可更换软件源

阿里云软件源：

sudo curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

中科大

sudo curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

3. 使用以下命令设置存储库：

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
#将 Docker APT 源添加到系统中，并保存在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 目录下的 docker.list 文件中。
#此命令会自动检测系统架构和发行版名称，并使用它们来构建正确的源地址。

echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

问题

  Cannot initiate the connection to download.docker.com:443 (2a03:2880:f112:83:face:b00c:0:25de). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) Could not connect to download.docker.com:443 (108.160.167.147), connection timed out
Reading package lists... Done                                              
W: Failed to fetch https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Cannot initiate the connection to download.docker.com:443 (2a03:2880:f112:83:face:b00c:0:25de). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) Could not connect to download.docker.com:443 (108.160.167.147), connection timed out
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

解决方案是：找一个国内的镜像站，换源。 采用的是中科大镜像源。

将官方安装文档中的命令换为如下命令：

sudo curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
 
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

安装 Docker 引擎

1. 更新apt包索引：

sudo apt-get update

2. 安装 Docker Engine、containerd 和 Docker Compose
   要安装最新版本，请运行：

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

3. Li通过运行映像验证 Docker 引擎安装是否成功 hello-world。

sudo docker run hello-world