linux（ubantu）离线安装软件包

离线安装软件包的方法：通过一台在线的ubantu虚拟机下载打包需要安装的软件包，然后拷贝到离线主机进行安装，以下是安装openssh时缺少libpam0g-dev时，进行在线打包离线安装的记录

1、在线下载打包

1）、首先咱们备份apt源配置

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2）、更新apt源配置，更新成阿里的源，下载会快些

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

配置apt源后进行更新

apt-get update

3）、安装需要的软件包，比如在更新openssh时，离线的服务器缺少libpam0g-dev

apt-get install -y libpam0g-dev

可以看到/var/cache/apt/archives/目录下载了一堆的deb

4）、打包

cd /var/cache/apt/archives
dpkg-scanpackages . | gzip -9c > ubantuapt.gz
#如果没有dpkg-scanpackages，则apt install dpkg-dev进行安装
tar -zcf ubantuapt.tar.gz ./*

2、离线安装

1）、上传离线安装包到/ubantuapt目录，并解压到该目录下

cd /ubantuapt
tar -zxvf ubantuapt.tar.gz -C ./

2）、编辑源配置文件并安装软件包libpam0g-dev

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

#编辑内容如下：
deb [trusted=yes] file:///ubantuapt/ ./

#保存后进行安装
apt install libpam0g-dev

至此实现了在线下载打包，离线安装的整个过程，实验成功，持续积累