Java中使用Servlet生成验证码图片

一、实现思路

1. 使用BufferedImage用于在内存中存储生成的验证码图片
2. 使用Graphics来进行验证码图片的绘制，并将绘制在图片上的验证码存放到session中用于后续验证
3. 最后通过ImageIO将生成的图片进行输出
4. 页面通过访问servlet来获取并展示验证码
5. 在后台获取页面提交的验证码，然后和存放在session中的验证码进行比对，进行校验

二、生成验证码

生成验证码的servlet，如下所示：
示例1

@WebServlet("/code")
public class CodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        Random random = new Random();

        //在内存中创建一个画板
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(60,25,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        //获取画笔
        Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();

        //设置填充的背景
        //将填充的背景设置的与画板大小
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,60,25);

        //设置画笔的颜色
        //使用随机色
        graphics.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(256),random.nextInt(256),random.nextInt(256)));

        //设置字体
        graphics.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD+ Font.ITALIC,18));

        //设置验证码的内容
        //要求随机生成0-9a-z
        String s = "0123456789qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm";
        StringBuffer code = new StringBuffer();
        for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
            code.append(s.charAt(random.nextInt(s.length())));
        }

        //将生成的随机数存放到session
        //方便使用的时候进行校验
        request.getSession().setAttribute("randCode",code.toString());
        graphics.drawString(code.toString(),5,18);
        System.out.println("验证码:"+code);

        //输出验证码图片
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

        ImageIO.write(image,"JPEG",out);
    }
}

示例2

@WebServlet("/code")
public class CodeController {

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        BufferedImage bfi = new BufferedImage(80,25,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g = bfi.getGraphics();
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 25);

        //验证码字符范围
        char[] ch = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789".toCharArray();
        Random r = new Random();
        int index;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); //保存字符串
        for(int i=0; i<4; i++){
            index = r.nextInt(ch.length);
            g.setColor(new Color(r.nextInt(255),r.nextInt(255),r.nextInt(255)));
            Font font = new Font("宋体", 30, 20);
            g.setFont(font);
            g.drawString(ch[index]+"", (i*20)+2, 23);
            sb.append(ch[index]);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        int area = (int) (0.02 * 80 * 25);
        for(int i=0; i<area; ++i){
            int x = (int)(Math.random() * 80);
            int y = (int)(Math.random() * 25);
            bfi.setRGB(x, y, (int) (Math.random() * 255));
        }

        //设置验证码中的干扰线
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            //随机获取干扰线的起点和终点
            int xstart = (int)(Math.random() * 80);
            int ystart = (int)(Math.random() * 25);
            int xend = (int)(Math.random() * 80);
            int yend = (int)(Math.random() * 25);
            g.setColor(interLine(1, 255));
            g.drawLine(xstart, ystart, xend, yend);
        }

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();  //保存到session
        session.setAttribute("verificationCode", sb.toString());

        ImageIO.write(bfi, "JPG", response.getOutputStream());  //写到输出流

    }

    private Color interLine(int Low, int High){
        if(Low > 255)
            Low = 255;
        if(High > 255)
            High = 255;
        if(Low < 0)
            Low = 0;
        if(High < 0)
            High = 0;
        int interval = High - Low;
        int r = Low + (int)(Math.random() * interval);
        int g = Low + (int)(Math.random() * interval);
        int b = Low + (int)(Math.random() * interval);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

}