1 选择一个http的API
2 检查网络的连接状况
3 在另外的一个线程里面运行网络操作(很重要)
4 连接网络,下载数据
5 把数据转换成其它的格式
另外要注意的一点就是:要在manifest.xml的文件立加入使用网络的permission
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
下面我们一步一步的讲解以上的步骤:
1 choose an http client
android里面自带了两个http的client,分别是HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient, 值得一提的是,两者都支持http2,流的上传和下载,ipv6,和连接池,当是,官方推荐是使用HttpURLConnection,它是属于轻量级的,而且官方对它的支持度更大一些。
2 check the Network Connection
在你的应用程序尝试连接网络是,你应该先检查一个你的网络状态是怎样的。android 里面 提供了一个ConnectivityManager 和NetworkInfo来检查你的网络连接,范例如下:
1.public void myClickHandler(View view) {
2. ...
3. ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager)
4. getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
5. NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();
6. if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected()) {
7. // fetch data
8. } else {
9. // display error
10. }
12.}
3 Perform Netwok Operations on a Serparte Thread
网络操作可能会有让人意想不到的延迟,因此,我们经常将网络操作放在另外的一个线程中。android里面提供了一个专门来处理这些异步任务的类:AsyncTask,它提供了很多回调方法给我们:其中重点想跟大家说两个。一个是:
doInBackgroud(Params... params) 官方的解释如下
protected abstract Result doInBackground (Params... params)
Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The specified parameters are the parameters passed to execute(Params...) by the caller of this task. This method can callpublishProgress(Progress...) to publish updates on the UI thread.
当AsyncTask执行excute(Params...)方法的时候,这个方法就会在后台执行,没错,excute执行的方法里面的参数就是它的参数了。
另外一个就是: onPostExecute(Result result)
里面的参数result就是doInBackgroud(Params... params)返回的值,这一来一往的,是不是觉得有点趣了。
对于AsyncTask这个类的具体方法,官方那里有很详尽的解释。当你创建了一个Async的子类并执行了它的execute(Params...)时,它就会去调用doInBackgound()这个方法,并把参数传给它,当任务结束时,就将结果返回给onPostExecute()这个方法,此时,你就可以在这个方法里执行一些操作,真个过程都是同步的。实例如下。。
1.public class HttpExampleActivity extends Activity {
2. private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "HttpExample";
3. private EditText urlText;
4. private TextView textView;
5.
6. @Override
7. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
8. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
9. setContentView(R.layout.main);
10. urlText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.myUrl);
11. textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.myText);
12. }
13.
14. // When user clicks button, calls AsyncTask.
15. // Before attempting to fetch the URL, makes sure that there is a network connection.
16. public void myClickHandler(View view) {
17. // Gets the URL from the UI's text field.
18. String stringUrl = urlText.getText().toString();
19. ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager)
20. getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
21. NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();
22. if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected()) {
23. new DownloadWebpageText().execute(stringUrl);
24. } else {
25. textView.setText("No network connection available.");
26. }
27. }
28.
29. // Uses AsyncTask to create a task away from the main UI thread. This task takes a
30. // URL string and uses it to create an HttpUrlConnection. Once the connection
31. // has been established, the AsyncTask downloads the contents of the webpage as
32. // an InputStream. Finally, the InputStream is converted into a string, which is
33. // displayed in the UI by the AsyncTask's onPostExecute method.
34. private class DownloadWebpageText extends AsyncTask {
35. @Override
36. protected String doInBackground(String... urls) {
37.
38. // params comes from the execute() call: params[0] is the url.
39. try {
40. return downloadUrl(urls[0]);
41. } catch (IOException e) {
42. return "Unable to retrieve web page. URL may be invalid.";
43. }
44. }
45. // onPostExecute displays the results of the AsyncTask.
46. @Override
47. protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
48. textView.setText(result);
49. }
50. }
51. ...
52.}
4 Connect and Download Data
接下来就是利用HttpURLConnection来下载数据了。。
3.// a string.
4.private String downloadUrl(String myurl) throws IOException {
5. InputStream is = null;
6. // Only display the first 500 characters of the retrieved
7. // web page content.
8. int len = 500;
9.
10. try {
11. URL url = new URL(myurl);
12. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
13. conn.setReadTimeout(10000 /* milliseconds */);
14. conn.setConnectTimeout(15000 /* milliseconds */);
15. conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //用get方式来获取数据
16. conn.setDoInput(true);
17. // Starts the query
18. conn.connect();
19. int response = conn.getResponseCode();
20. Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "The response is: " + response);
21. is = conn.getInputStream(); //得到连接之后的输入流
22.
23. // Convert the InputStream into a string
24. String contentAsString = readIt(is, len);
25. return contentAsString;
26.
27. // Makes sure that the InputStream is closed after the app is
28. // finished using it.
29. } finally {
30. if (is != null) {
31. is.close();
32. }
33. }
34.}
6 Convert the InputStream to a String
从上面的操作得到的是一个可读的字节流,当时,有时,你往往要这些输入流转化成其他的数据类型,例如字符,图像,视频等等。下面提供了一些转换城其他数据的方法。
转化成位图:
1.InputStream is = null;
2....
3.Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
4.ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image_view);
5.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
转化成String.
1.In the example shown above, the InputStream represents the text of a web page. This is how the example converts the InputStream to a string so that the activity can display it in the UI:
2.
3.// Reads an InputStream and converts it to a String.
4.public String readIt(InputStream stream, int len) throws IOException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
5. Reader reader = null;
6. reader = new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8");
7. char[] buffer = new char[len];
8. reader.read(buffer);
9. return new String(buffer);
10.}
转自http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26884465-id-3227200.html