Python爬虫从入门到精通:（36）CrawlSpider实现深度爬取_Python涛哥

我们来看下CrawlSpider实现深度爬取。

爬取阳光热线标题、状态、和详情页内容。

https://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest?id=1&type=4&page=

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创建CrawlSpider工程

1. scrapy startproject sunPro

2. cd sunPro

3. scrapy genspider -t crawl sun www.xxx.com

4. 修改配置文件等

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页面解析

提取下页码链接

我们看到这个网站有很多页面，我们先来提取下页码链接。

很容易分析到页面链接的规律，写下正则：

import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule


class SunSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'sun'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
    start_urls = ['https://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest?id=1&type=4&page=']
    # 提取页码链接
    link = LinkExtractor(allow=r'id=1&page=\d+')

    rules = (
        Rule(link, callback='parse_item', follow=True),
    )

    def parse_item(self, response):
        print(response)

这里我们主要学习深度爬取，后面只用一页作为案例。follow=False

数据解析

我们来获取当前页的标题、详情页地址和状态

import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from sunPro.items import SunproItem


class SunSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'sun'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
    start_urls = ['https://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest?id=1&type=4&page=']
    # 提取页码链接
    link = LinkExtractor(allow=r'id=1&page=\d+')

    rules = (
        Rule(link, callback='parse_item', follow=False),
    )

    # 页面数据解析
    def parse_item(self, response):
        li_list = response.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li')
        for li in li_list:
            title = li.xpath('./span[3]/a/text()').extract_first()
            detail_url = 'https://wz.sun0769.com' + li.xpath('./span[3]/a/@href').extract_first()
            status = li.xpath('./span[2]/text()').extract_first()

            # 保存item提交给管道
            item = SunproItem()
            item['title'] = title
            item['detail_url'] = detail_url
            item['status'] = status



**手动发送请求**

现在我们用手动发送请求的方式解析详情页数据：

```python
# 页面数据解析
def parse_item(self, response):
    li_list = response.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li')
    for li in li_list:
        title = li.xpath('./span[3]/a/text()').extract_first()
        detail_url = 'https://wz.sun0769.com' + li.xpath('./span[3]/a/@href').extract_first()
        status = li.xpath('./span[2]/text()').extract_first()

        # 保存item提交给管道
        item = SunproItem()
        item['title'] = title
        item['detail_url'] = detail_url
        item['status'] = status

        yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_detail, meta={'item': item})
        
# 详情页数据解析
def parse_detail(self, response):
    content = response.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()').extract_first()
    item = response.meta['item']

    item['content'] = content
    yield item

运行一下，我们就获取了全部数据

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完整代码：

sum.py

import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from sunPro.items import SunproItem

class SunSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'sun'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
    start_urls = ['https://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest?id=1&type=4&page=']
    # 提取页码链接
    link = LinkExtractor(allow=r'id=1&page=\d+')

    rules = (
        Rule(link, callback='parse_item', follow=False),
    )

    # 页面数据解析
    def parse_item(self, response):
        li_list = response.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li')
        for li in li_list:
            title = li.xpath('./span[3]/a/text()').extract_first()
            detail_url = 'https://wz.sun0769.com' + li.xpath('./span[3]/a/@href').extract_first()
            status = li.xpath('./span[2]/text()').extract_first()

            # 保存item提交给管道
            item = SunproItem()
            item['title'] = title
            item['status'] = status

            yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_detail, meta={'item': item})

    # 详情页数据解析
    def parse_detail(self, response):
        content = response.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()').extract_first()
        item = response.meta['item']

        item['content'] = content
        yield item

items.py

import scrapy

class SunproItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    title = scrapy.Field()
    status = scrapy.Field()
    content = scrapy.Field()

Pipeline.py

class SunproPipeline:
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        print(item)
        return item

settings.py

略~请自己学会熟练配置！

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总结

CrawlSpider实现的深度爬取

• 通用方式：CrawlSpider + Spider实现

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