树形结构要多利用递归来求解,递归的关键就是想清楚所有的基准情形,然后扩展到一般情况,写代码的时候最好把基准情况放在前面,把一般情况放在后面!
定义二叉树结构体:
typedef struct BinaryTreeNode
{
TelemType data;
struct BinaryTreeNode *Left;
struct BinaryTreeNode *Right;
}Node;
创建二叉树:
Node* createBinaryTree()
{
Node *p;
TelemType ch;
cin>>ch;
if(ch == 0) //如果到了叶子节点,接下来的左、右子树分别赋值为0
{
p = NULL;
}
else
{
p = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
p->data = ch;
p->Left = createBinaryTree(); //递归创建左子树
p->Right = createBinaryTree(); //递归创建右子树
}
return p;
}
注意:创建二叉树顺序为先中心节点,然后左子树,然后右子树,到了叶子节点后要把它的左右子树分别赋值为0
比如二叉树为: 1
2
我们输入应为:1 2 0 0 0回车
先序遍历:
void preOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
cout<<root->data<<' ';
preOrderTraverse(root->Left);
preOrderTraverse(root->Right);
}
}
中序遍历:
void inOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
inOrderTraverse(root->Left);
cout<<root->data<<' ';
inOrderTraverse(root->Right);
}
}
后序遍历:
void lastOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
lastOrderTraverse(root->Left);
lastOrderTraverse(root->Right);
cout<<root->data<<' ';
}
}
二叉树节点总数目:
int Nodenum(Node* root)
{
if(root == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return 1+Nodenum(root->Left)+Nodenum(root->Right);
}
}
二叉树深度:
int DepthOfTree(Node* root)
{
if(root)
{
return DepthOfTree(root->Left)>DepthOfTree(root->Right)?DepthOfTree(root->Left)+1:DepthOfTree(root->Right)+1;
}
if( root == NULL )
{
return 0;
}
}
二叉树叶子节点数:
int Leafnum(Node* root)
{
if(!root)
{
return 0;
}
else if( (root->Left == NULL) && (root->Right == NULL) )
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return (Leafnum(root->Left) + Leafnum(root->Right)) ;
}
}
下面是整个程序的代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef int TelemType;
typedef struct BinaryTreeNode
{
TelemType data;
struct BinaryTreeNode *Left;
struct BinaryTreeNode *Right;
}Node;
//创建二叉树,顺序依次为中间节点->左子树->右子树
Node* createBinaryTree()
{
Node *p;
TelemType ch;
cin>>ch;
if(ch == 0) //如果到了叶子节点,接下来的左、右子树分别赋值为0
{
p = NULL;
}
else
{
p = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
p->data = ch;
p->Left = createBinaryTree(); //递归创建左子树
p->Right = createBinaryTree(); //递归创建右子树
}
return p;
}
//先序遍历
void preOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
cout<<root->data<<' ';
preOrderTraverse(root->Left);
preOrderTraverse(root->Right);
}
}
//中序遍历
void inOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
inOrderTraverse(root->Left);
cout<<root->data<<' ';
inOrderTraverse(root->Right);
}
}
//后序遍历
void lastOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
if( root )
{
lastOrderTraverse(root->Left);
lastOrderTraverse(root->Right);
cout<<root->data<<' ';
}
}
//二叉树节点总数目
int Nodenum(Node* root)
{
if(root == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return 1+Nodenum(root->Left)+Nodenum(root->Right);
}
}
//二叉树的深度
int DepthOfTree(Node* root)
{
if(root)
{
return DepthOfTree(root->Left)>DepthOfTree(root->Right)?DepthOfTree(root->Left)+1:DepthOfTree(root->Right)+1;
}
if( root == NULL )
{
return 0;
}
}
//二叉树叶子节点数
int Leafnum(Node* root)
{
if(!root)
{
return 0;
}
else if( (root->Left == NULL) && (root->Right == NULL) )
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return (Leafnum(root->Left) + Leafnum(root->Right)) ;
}
}
int main()
{
Node *root = NULL;
root = createBinaryTree();
printf("二叉树建立成功");
cout<<endl;
cout<<"二叉树总节点数为:"<<Nodenum(root)<<endl;
cout<<"二叉树深度为:"<<DepthOfTree(root)<<endl;
cout<<"二叉树叶子节点数为:"<<Leafnum(root)<<endl;
cout<<"前序遍历结果:"<<endl;
preOrderTraverse(root);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"中序遍历结果:"<<endl;
inOrderTraverse(root);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"后序遍历结果:"<<endl;
lastOrderTraverse(root);
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}
分别输入两个二叉树来验证结果:
第一个二叉树为:
第二个二叉树为: