Python 内置函数format字符格式化

例如：将 int型数值装换成要求宽度的hex型字符串

def to_hex_string(number: int, byte_cnt):
    """
    convert the number to hex string which length is byte_cnt bytes
    :param number: the vaulee need be converted, eg 3
    :param byte_cnt: byte counters, e.g. 2
    :return: converted hex string, e.g 0x0003
    """
    hex_string = "{0:#0{1}x}".format(number, byte_cnt * 2 + 2)
    hex_string = hex_string[:2] + hex_string[2:].swapcase()
    return hex_string

参考官网的 PEP-3101 https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101/

Standard Format Specifiers is :

[[fill] align] [sign] [#] [0] [minimumwidth] [,precision][type]