k8s里面Deploy控制器的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 19:53:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 19:53:46 发布

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分类专栏： c++ golang 文章标签： kubernetes docker 容器 Deployment pod

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/taw19960426/article/details/125299412

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为了更好的解决服务编排的问题，kubernetes在V1.2版本开始，引入了Deployment控制器。值得一提的是，这种控制器并不直接管理pod，而是通过管理ReplicaSet来简介管理Pod，即：Deployment管理ReplicaSet，ReplicaSet管理Pod。所以Deployment比ReplicaSet功能更加强大。

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-DwcXFj8s-1655281088107)(deploy.assets/image-20200612005524778.png)]

Deployment主要功能有下面几个：

支持ReplicaSet的所有功能
支持发布的停止、继续
支持滚动升级和回滚版本

Deployment的资源清单文件：

apiVersion: apps/v1 # 版本号
kind: Deployment # 类型       
metadata: # 元数据
  name: # rs名称 
  namespace: # 所属命名空间 
  labels: #标签
    controller: deploy
spec: # 详情描述
  replicas: 3 # 副本数量
  revisionHistoryLimit: 3 # 保留历史版本
  paused: false # 暂停部署，默认是false
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600 # 部署超时时间（s），默认是600
  strategy: # 策略
    type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略
    rollingUpdate: # 滚动更新
      maxSurge: 30% # 最大额外可以存在的副本数，可以为百分比，也可以为整数
      maxUnavailable: 30% # 最大不可用状态的 Pod 的最大值，可以为百分比，也可以为整数
  selector: # 选择器，通过它指定该控制器管理哪些pod
    matchLabels:      # Labels匹配规则
      app: nginx-pod
    matchExpressions: # Expressions匹配规则
      - {key: app, operator: In, values: [nginx-pod]}
  template: # 模板，当副本数量不足时，会根据下面的模板创建pod副本
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

1.1 创建deployment

创建pc-deployment.yaml，内容如下：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment      
metadata:
  name: pc-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec: 
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.1

# 创建deployment
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f pc-deployment.yaml --record=true
deployment.apps/pc-deployment created

# 查看deployment
# UP-TO-DATE 最新版本的pod的数量
# AVAILABLE  当前可用的pod的数量
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get deploy pc-deployment -n dev
NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
pc-deployment   3/3     3            3           15s

# 查看rs
# 发现rs的名称是在原来deployment的名字后面添加了一个10位数的随机串
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78   3         3         3       23s

# 查看pod
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78-d2c8n   1/1     Running   0          107s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-smpvp   1/1     Running   0          107s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-wvjd8   1/1     Running   0          107s

1.2 扩缩容

# 变更副本数量为5个
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl scale deploy pc-deployment --replicas=5  -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment scaled

# 查看deployment
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get deploy pc-deployment -n dev
NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
pc-deployment   5/5     5            5           2m

# 查看pod
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#  kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78-d2c8n   1/1     Running   0          4m19s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-jxmdq   1/1     Running   0          94s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-mktqv   1/1     Running   0          93s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-smpvp   1/1     Running   0          4m19s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-wvjd8   1/1     Running   0          4m19s

# 编辑deployment的副本数量，修改spec:replicas: 4即可
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl edit deploy pc-deployment -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment edited

# 查看pod
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78-d2c8n   1/1     Running   0          5m23s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-jxmdq   1/1     Running   0          2m38s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-smpvp   1/1     Running   0          5m23s
pc-deployment-6696798b78-wvjd8   1/1     Running   0          5m23s

镜像更新

deployment支持两种更新策略:重建更新和滚动更新,可以通过strategy指定策略类型,支持两个属性:

strategy：指定新的Pod替换旧的Pod的策略， 支持两个属性：
  type：指定策略类型，支持两种策略
    Recreate：在创建出新的Pod之前会先杀掉所有已存在的Pod
    RollingUpdate：滚动更新，就是杀死一部分，就启动一部分，在更新过程中，存在两个版本Pod
  rollingUpdate：当type为RollingUpdate时生效，用于为RollingUpdate设置参数，支持两个属性：
    maxUnavailable：用来指定在升级过程中不可用Pod的最大数量，默认为25%。
    maxSurge： 用来指定在升级过程中可以超过期望的Pod的最大数量，默认为25%。

重建更新

编辑pc-deployment.yaml,在spec节点下添加更新策略

spec:
  strategy: # 策略
    type: Recreate # 重建更新

创建deploy进行验证

# 变更镜像
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl set image deployment pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.2 -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated

# 观察升级过程
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#  kubectl get pods -n dev -w
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-65qcw   1/1     Running   0          31s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-w5nzv   1/1     Running   0          31s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-xpt7w   1/1     Running   0          31s

pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-xpt7w   1/1     Terminating   0          41s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-65qcw   1/1     Terminating   0          41s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-w5nzv   1/1     Terminating   0          41s

pc-deployment-675d469f8b-grn8z   0/1     Pending       0          0s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-hbl4v   0/1     Pending       0          0s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-67nz2   0/1     Pending       0          0s

pc-deployment-675d469f8b-grn8z   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-hbl4v   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-67nz2   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s

pc-deployment-675d469f8b-grn8z   1/1     Running             0          1s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-67nz2   1/1     Running             0          1s
pc-deployment-675d469f8b-hbl4v   1/1     Running             0          2s

滚动更新

编辑pc-deployment.yaml,在spec节点下添加更新策略

spec:
  strategy: # 策略
    type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25% 
      maxUnavailable: 25%

创建deploy进行验证

# 变更镜像
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl set image deployment pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.3 -n dev 
deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated

# 观察升级过程
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev -w
NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-c848d767-8rbzt   1/1     Running   0          31m
pc-deployment-c848d767-h4p68   1/1     Running   0          31m
pc-deployment-c848d767-hlmz4   1/1     Running   0          31m
pc-deployment-c848d767-rrqcn   1/1     Running   0          31m

pc-deployment-966bf7f44-226rx   0/1     Pending             0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-226rx   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-226rx   1/1     Running             0          1s
pc-deployment-c848d767-h4p68    0/1     Terminating         0          34m

pc-deployment-966bf7f44-cnd44   0/1     Pending             0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-cnd44   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-cnd44   1/1     Running             0          2s
pc-deployment-c848d767-hlmz4    0/1     Terminating         0          34m

pc-deployment-966bf7f44-px48p   0/1     Pending             0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-px48p   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-px48p   1/1     Running             0          0s
pc-deployment-c848d767-8rbzt    0/1     Terminating         0          34m

pc-deployment-966bf7f44-dkmqp   0/1     Pending             0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-dkmqp   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          0s
pc-deployment-966bf7f44-dkmqp   1/1     Running             0          2s
pc-deployment-c848d767-rrqcn    0/1     Terminating         0          34m

# 至此，新版本的pod创建完毕，就版本的pod销毁完毕
# 中间过程是滚动进行的，也就是边销毁边创建

滚动更新的过程：

在这里插入图片描述

镜像更新中rs的变化

# 查看rs,发现原来的rs的依旧存在，只是pod数量变为了0，而后又新产生了一个rs，pod数量为4
# 其实这就是deployment能够进行版本回退的奥妙所在，后面会详细解释
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78   0         0         0       7m37s
pc-deployment-6696798b11   0         0         0       5m37s
pc-deployment-c848d76789   4         4         4       72s

1.3 版本回退

deployment支持版本升级过程中的暂停、继续功能以及版本回退等诸多功能，下面具体来看.

kubectl rollout：版本升级相关功能，支持下面的选项：

status 显示当前升级状态
history 显示升级历史记录
pause 暂停版本升级过程
resume 继续已经暂停的版本升级过程
restart 重启版本升级过程
undo 回滚到上一级版本（可以使用–to-revision回滚到指定版本）

# 查看当前升级版本的状态
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl rollout status deploy pc-deployment -n dev
deployment "pc-deployment" successfully rolled out

# 查看升级历史记录
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl rollout history deploy pc-deployment -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         kubectl create --filename=pc-deployment.yaml --record=true
2         kubectl create --filename=pc-deployment.yaml --record=true
3         kubectl create --filename=pc-deployment.yaml --record=true
# 可以发现有三次版本记录，说明完成过两次升级

# 版本回滚
# 这里直接使用--to-revision=1回滚到了1版本， 如果省略这个选项，就是回退到上个版本，就是2版本
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment pc-deployment --to-revision=1 -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment rolled back

# 查看发现，通过nginx镜像版本可以发现到了第一版
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get deploy -n dev -o wide
NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         
pc-deployment   4/4     4            4           74m   nginx        nginx:1.17.1   

# 查看rs，发现第一个rs中有4个pod运行，后面两个版本的rs中pod为运行
# 其实deployment之所以可是实现版本的回滚，就是通过记录下历史rs来实现的，
# 一旦想回滚到哪个版本，只需要将当前版本pod数量降为0，然后将回滚版本的pod提升为目标数量就可以了
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78   4         4         4       78m
pc-deployment-966bf7f44    0         0         0       37m
pc-deployment-c848d767     0         0         0       71m

1.4 金丝雀发布

Deployment控制器支持控制更新过程中的控制，如“暂停(pause)”或“继续(resume)”更新操作。

比如有一批新的Pod资源创建完成后立即暂停更新过程，此时，仅存在一部分新版本的应用，主体部分还是旧的版本。然后，再筛选一小部分的用户请求路由到新版本的Pod应用，继续观察能否稳定地按期望的方式运行。确定没问题之后再继续完成余下的Pod资源滚动更新，否则立即回滚更新操作。这就是所谓的金丝雀发布。

# 更新deployment的版本，并配置暂停deployment
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#  kubectl set image deploy pc-deployment nginx=nginx:1.17.4 -n dev && kubectl rollout pause deployment pc-deployment  -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment image updated
deployment.apps/pc-deployment paused

#观察更新状态
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl rollout status deploy pc-deployment -n dev　
Waiting for deployment "pc-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...

# 监控更新的过程，可以看到已经新增了一个资源，但是并未按照预期的状态去删除一个旧的资源，就是因为使用了pause暂停命令

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev -o wide
NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES         
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9   3         3         3       19m     nginx        nginx:1.17.1   
pc-deployment-675d469f8b   0         0         0       14m     nginx        nginx:1.17.2   
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb   2         2         2       3m16s   nginx        nginx:1.17.4   
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-rj8sq   1/1     Running   0          7m33s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-ttwgg   1/1     Running   0          7m35s
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9-v4wvc   1/1     Running   0          7m34s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-996rt   1/1     Running   0          3m31s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-j2gtj   1/1     Running   0          3m31s

# 确保更新的pod没问题了，继续更新
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl rollout resume deploy pc-deployment -n dev
deployment.apps/pc-deployment resumed

# 查看最后的更新情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get rs -n dev -o wide
NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES         
pc-deployment-5d89bdfbf9   0         0         0       21m     nginx        nginx:1.17.1   
pc-deployment-675d469f8b   0         0         0       16m     nginx        nginx:1.17.2   
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb   4         4         4       5m11s   nginx        nginx:1.17.4   

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-7bfwh   1/1     Running   0          37s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-996rt   1/1     Running   0          5m27s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-j2gtj   1/1     Running   0          5m27s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-rf84v   1/1     Running   0          37s

删除Deployment

# 删除deployment，其下的rs和pod也将被删除
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl delete -f pc-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "pc-deployment" deleted

cfb-996rt 1/1 Running 0 5m27s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-j2gtj 1/1 Running 0 5m27s
pc-deployment-6c9f56fcfb-rf84v 1/1 Running 0 37s


**删除Deployment**

```shell
# 删除deployment，其下的rs和pod也将被删除
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl delete -f pc-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "pc-deployment" deleted