前几天,偶尔想到PC时间的同步问题,就顺便研究了一把NTP协议.NTP(Network Time Protocol, 网
络时间协议),能够使终端与网络时间同步,具体见标准RFC1305.
网络虽然也有现实的NTP程序,但,老话怎么说来着:自己动手,丰衣足食嘛......长话短说,让我们一
起来看看NTP是怎样炼成的.
一.预备知识:
1.NTP的网络传输协议:UDP协议;
2.NTP的数据格式,见下图;
3.时间矫正
NTP时间矫正涉及到4个时间:
T1:发送NTP请求的本地时间;
T2:服务器收到NTP请求的时间;
T3:服务器发送NTP响应的时间;
T4:客户端收到响应的时间;
如果我们假设客户端与服务器的时间差为deltat,那么deltat = ((T2 + T3) – (T1 + T4))/2;当然如果对精度要求没那么高的话,直接将客户端的时间设置为T3时间也没有什么不可的.
还需注意一点的是:NTP时间是从1970年1月开始计时的,
二.Win下的代码
// esay_ntp_prj.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include#pragma comment( lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define TIMEDIFF (0x83aa7e80) //2209075200LU
#define NTP_HEAD_LEN 48typedef struct
{
int L1;
int Version;
int mode;
char stratum;
char poll;
char precision;
unsigned long root_delay;
unsigned long root_dispersion;
unsigned long reference_identifier;
time_t reference_timestamp;
time_t originate_timestamp;
time_t receive_timestamp;
time_t transmit_timestamp;//should be 64bit
}ntp;void pack_ntp_data(char buf[NTP_HEAD_LEN], ntp const *ntp_packet)
{
memset(buf, 0x00, NTP_HEAD_LEN);buf[0] = (ntp_packet->L1<<6) | (ntp_packet->Version<<3) | (ntp_packet->mode);
buf[1] = ntp_packet->stratum;
buf[2] = ntp_packet->poll;
buf[3] = ntp_packet->precision;
memcpy(buf + 4, &ntp_packet->root_delay, 2);
printf("time : %lu/n", ntp_packet->transmit_timestamp);
memcpy(buf + 40, &ntp_packet->transmit_timestamp, 4);
}void unpack_ntp_data(char *data)
{
__time64_t transmit_time;
struct tm *localtm;memcpy(&transmit_time, data + 32, 4);
transmit_time = ntohl(transmit_time) - TIMEDIFF;
printf("transmit time : %llx/n", transmit_time);
//time(&time_tmp);
localtm= gmtime(&transmit_time);
printf("Year : %d month : %d dat : %d h : %d m : %d s:%d",
localtm->tm_year + 1900,
localtm->tm_mon + 1,
localtm->tm_mday,
localtm->tm_hour + 8,
localtm->tm_min,
localtm->tm_sec);
}int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int ret = -1;
char buf[NTP_HEAD_LEN];
sockaddr_in server_addr;
SOCKET sockfd;
ntp ntp_packet;WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult;iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != NO_ERROR) {
printf("WSAStartup failed: %d/n", iResult);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
if (sockfd == 0)
{
printf("fail to create socket/n");
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
server_addr.sin_port = htons(123);
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("202.120.2.101");ret = connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("fail to connect to server/n");
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
ntp_packet.L1 = 0;//no warning
ntp_packet.Version = 3;
ntp_packet.mode = 3;//client
ntp_packet.stratum = 0;
ntp_packet.poll = 5;
ntp_packet.root_delay = 0;
ntp_packet.precision = -6;
time(&ntp_packet.transmit_timestamp);
pack_ntp_data(buf, &ntp_packet);ret = send(sockfd, buf, NTP_HEAD_LEN, 0);
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("send data to server error/n");
return 0;
}while(1)
{
//ret = recv(sockfd, buf, sizeof(char) * 48, MSG_WAITALL);
ret = recv(sockfd, buf, sizeof(char) * NTP_HEAD_LEN, 0);if (ret > 0)
{
printf("receive data from server ret : %d/n", ret);
unpack_ntp_data(buf);
break;
}
else if (ret == 0)
{
printf("connection closed/n");
}
else
printf("recv failed/n");
Sleep(1000);
}
closesocket(sockfd);
WSACleanup();return 0;
}
待改进:1.时间处理上太随意,
2.没有考虑NTP服务器交互失败时的重连机制
3.and so on……