单例模式的各种写法

1、线程不安全的

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;
    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (instance == null){
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

2、线程安全，但是性能不是太高

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;
    private Singleton(){}
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
        if (instance == null){
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton() {}  //私有构造函数
    private volatile static Singleton instance = null;  //单例对象
    //静态工厂方法
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {      //双重检测机制
        	synchronized (Singleton.class){  //同步锁
            	if (instance == null) {     //双重检测机制
             		instance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

3、匿名内部类形式

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    private static class LazyHolder{
        private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
    }
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return LazyHolder.INSTANCE;
    }
}

4、线程安全，性能较高

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;
    private static byte[] lock = new byte[0];
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (instance == null){
            synchronized (lock){
                if (instance == null){
                    instance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;
    private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (instance == null){
            lock.lock();
            if (instance == null){
                instance = new Singleton();
            }
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

5、枚举实现方式

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return SingletonEnum.INSTANCE.getInstance();
    }

    private static enum SingletonEnum {
        INSTANCE;
        private Singleton singleton;
        private SingletonEnum(){
            singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        public Singleton getInstance() {
            return singleton;
        }
    }
}

注：摘自《Java并发编程从入门到精通》