《Django开发教程》1.2 在ubuntu上安装Django

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第一步：确认已经安装python3和pip

% python3
Python 3.9.12 (main, Mar 26 2022, 15:51:13) 
[Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

% pip --version
pip 22.0.4 from /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

第二步：安装django

% sudo python3 -m pip install Django
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting Django
  Downloading Django-4.0.5-py3-none-any.whl (8.0 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.0/8.0 MB 29.9 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.4.1
  Downloading asgiref-3.5.2-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting sqlparse>=0.2.2
  Downloading sqlparse-0.4.2-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 42.3/42.3 KB 36.6 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: sqlparse, asgiref, Django
  WARNING: The script sqlformat is installed in '/home/duye/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
  WARNING: The script django-admin is installed in '/home/duye/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed Django-4.0.5 asgiref-3.5.2 sqlparse-0.4.2

这一步由于网络问题可能会出现连接超时报错，只能重试：

pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

第三步：测试效果

>>> import django
>>> print(django.get_version())
4.0

第四步：创建Django项目

% django-admin startproject HelloWorld
% cd HelloWorld
% tree
.
├── HelloWorld
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

HelloWorld: 项目的容器。
manage.py: 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互。
HelloWorld/__init__.py: 一个空文件，告诉 Python 该目录是一个 Python 包。
HelloWorld/asgi.py: 一个 ASGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。
HelloWorld/settings.py: 该 Django 项目的设置/配置。
HelloWorld/urls.py: 该 Django 项目的 URL 声明; 一份由 Django 驱动的网站"目录"。
HelloWorld/wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。

• 启动Web服务

% python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

启动时会提示如下错如：

You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

解决办法：

% python3 manage.py migrate

再运行就不会报错了。

% python3 manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
June 05, 2022 - 14:58:20
Django version 4.0.5, using settings 'HelloWorld.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

以上显示就是正常运行了，我们可以访问测试一下：

% curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/ -vv >/dev/null
*   Trying 127.0.0.1:8000...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8000 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
> Accept: */*
> 
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Sun, 05 Jun 2022 15:49:05 GMT
< Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.10.4
< Content-Type: text/html
< X-Frame-Options: DENY
< Content-Length: 10697
< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
< Referrer-Policy: same-origin
< Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
< 
{ [10697 bytes data]
100 10697  100 10697    0     0  1615k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1741k
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

返回状态码200表示成功！！！

或者通过浏览器访问：

参考：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/intro/install/

上一课 1.1 Docker安装Django
下一课 1.3 完成一个简单的Demo
《Django开发教程》目录大纲