java注解

背景：

spring注解方式进行依赖注入，是SpringBoot得以实现的幕后推手。因此需要对java注解进行多一些的了解。

1. 元注解@Retention

java.lang.annotation.Retention表示注解在哪些范围生效。

public enum RetentionPolicy {
    /**
     * Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
     */
    SOURCE,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
     * but need not be retained by the VM at run time.  This is the default
     * behavior.
     */
    CLASS,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
     * retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
     *
     * @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
     */
    RUNTIME
}

SOURCE：java编译后丢弃，在class文件中就没有这个注解了。  （如lombok的注解就是SOURCE）
CLASS: java编译后保留，jvm加载后丢弃。jvm运行后无法通过反射获取此注解信息 （org.mapstruct.Mapper注解就是CLASS范围）
RUNTIME: java编译后保留，jvm加载后也存在。jvm运行后能够通过反射获取此注解信息2. 2. 2(spring框架的注解基本都是RUNTIME)

2.元注解@Target

java.lang.annotation.Target表示修饰的注解可以用在哪些地方。

public enum ElementType {
    /** Class, interface (including annotation type), or enum declaration */
    TYPE,

    /** Field declaration (includes enum constants) */
    FIELD,

    /** Method declaration */
    METHOD,

    /** Formal parameter declaration */
    PARAMETER,

    /** Constructor declaration */
    CONSTRUCTOR,

    /** Local variable declaration */
    LOCAL_VARIABLE,

    /** Annotation type declaration */
    ANNOTATION_TYPE,

    /** Package declaration */
    PACKAGE,

    /**
     * Type parameter declaration
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    TYPE_PARAMETER,

    /**
     * Use of a type
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    TYPE_USE,

    /**
     * Module declaration.
     *
     * @since 9
     */
    MODULE
}

3. 复合注解是如何解析的：
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {


@SpringBootApplication
public class AnnotationDemo {

    /**
     * 组合注解的解析方法
     */
    @Test
    public void combineAnnotation() {
        AnnotationDemo demo = new AnnotationDemo();
        Class clazz = demo.getClass();
        for (Annotation annotation : clazz.getAnnotations()) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
            System.out.println("-----------");
            Arrays.stream(annotation.annotationType().getAnnotations())
                .forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    }
}

日志输出：

@org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackageClasses={}, nameGenerator=org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanNameGenerator.class, proxyBeanMethods=true, excludeName={}, exclude={}, scanBasePackages={})
-----------
@java.lang.annotation.Target(value={TYPE})
@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=RUNTIME)
@java.lang.annotation.Documented()
@java.lang.annotation.Inherited()
@org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration(proxyBeanMethods=true)
@org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration(excludeName={}, exclude={})
@org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan(scopeResolver=org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationScopeMetadataResolver.class, lazyInit=false, resourcePattern="**/*.class", excludeFilters={@org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan$Filter(pattern={}, type=CUSTOM, value={}, classes={org.springframework.boot.context.TypeExcludeFilter.class}), @org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan$Filter(pattern={}, type=CUSTOM, value={}, classes={org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class})}, useDefaultFilters=true, scopedProxy=DEFAULT, basePackageClasses={}, nameGenerator=org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanNameGenerator.class, basePackages={}, includeFilters={}, value={})