腾讯云centos 8.0安装MySQL

1、序言

  去年双11买了最低配的1核2G的数据库，之前用来搭建自己的博客，之后用GitHub搭建hexo了，闲置的服务器就想安装个数据库啥的玩玩，记录下安装过程，以便之后使用。
参考博客：腾讯云安装MySQL

2、下载安装指令

2.1 下载安装包

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

2.2 安装rpm

yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

2.3 安装MySQL服务

百度上说执行下面的命令就行，但是我在安装的时候出错 Error: Unable to find a match: mysql-community-server

yum -y install mysql-community-server   # 无效命令

百度之后执行下面的两条命令有效：

yum module disable mysql

会提示 y/n，选择y，再执行下面的命令

yum -y install mysql-community-server

2.4 启动MySQL

systemctl start  mysqld.service

2.5 查看MySQL运行状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

控制台会出现绿色的active（running），详细提示如下：

mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-05-09 00:06:09 CST; 44s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 7390 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7235 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 7393 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 11507)
   Memory: 360.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─7393 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

2.6 MySQL 安装后的临时密码

获取MySQL安装后的临时密码

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

通过显示获取临时密码：

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: B*Kop+?0g)lt

3、登录使用MySQL

3.1 控制台远程登陆MySQL

mysql -u root -p

输入上面的临时密码，得到以下提示就表示登陆成功：

[root@VM-0-16-centos ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.7.34Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

3.2 修改密码

临时密码明显是记不住的，所以修改密码是势在必行的。

set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('xxxxxx');

上面指令的root是用户名称，xxxxxx是密码，写一个自己记得住的。密码必须要包含大小写字符和数字，特殊字符也可以用，太简单会提示错误：Your password does not satisfy the current policy

提示信息：

set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('xxxxxx');Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

3.3 查询数据库访问权限

默认MySQL远程的数据库是仅能localhost访问，使用navicat等工具连接就会提示1130 - Host 'xxx.xxx.xx.xxx' is not allow to connect to this MySQL server,如果需要远程访问，需要修改权限

注意MySQL指令结尾需要写分号;，不然不能执行

use mysql;

提示信息：

Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed

继续执行命令：

select * from user;

提示信息：

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+| Host      | User          | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin                | authentication_string                     | password_expired | password_last_changed | password_lifetime | account_locked |+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+| localhost | root          | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           | Y             | Y            | Y         | Y          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y            | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y            | Y               | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | Y                  | Y                | Y          | Y            | Y                      |          |            |             |              |             0 |           0 |               0 |                    0 | mysql_native_password | *679B7F329AC7191F6B5B11E97E3458147C8B4339 | N                | 2021-05-09 00:25:27   |              NULL | N              || localhost | mysql.session | N           | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           | N             | N            | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N            | Y          | N                     | N                | N            | N               | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N                | N          | N            | N                      |          |            |             |              |             0 |           0 |               0 |                    0 | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | N                | 2021-05-09 00:06:05   |              NULL | Y              || localhost | mysql.sys     | N           | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           | N             | N            | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N            | N          | N                     | N                | N            | N               | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N                | N          | N            | N                      |          |            |             |              |             0 |           0 |               0 |                    0 | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | N                | 2021-05-09 00:06:05   |              NULL | Y              |+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 修改数据库访问权限

更新User 表 Host 字段为 ‘%’，代表所有远程主机。

update user set Host='%' where User='root'; 

3.5 刷新数据库访问权限

flush privileges;

3.6 连接数据库

经过上述操作，使用Navicat工具等连接数据库，反正我的已经连接成功了。

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南风知我意，吹梦到西洲。