OSX I have heard of people on OSX running in to problems due to the terminal pointing to the native

OSX

I have heard of people on OSX running in to problems due to the terminal pointing to the native PHP shipped with OSX. You should instead update your bash profile to include the actual path to your PHP. Something like this (I don't actually use OSX so this might not be 100%):

export PATH=/usr/local/php5/bin:$PATH

Ubuntu

On earlier versions of Ubuntu (prior to 14.04) when you run sudo apt-get install php5-mcrypt it doesn't actually install the extension into the mods-available. You'll need to symlink it.

sudo ln -s /etc/php5/conf.d/mcrypt.ini /etc/php5/mods-available/mcrypt.ini

On all Ubuntu versions you'll need to enable the mod once it's installed. You can do that with php5enmod.

sudo php5enmod mcrypt
sudo service apache2 restart