装饰器 闭包 nonlocal

# 装饰器
 
# 1 闭包
# 概念，如果一个函数中，定义了另一个函数，且内函数使用了外函数的变量，那么里面的函数称为一个闭包
def greet(name):
    print("outter")
    def say_hello():
        print("%s 你好" % name)
    return say_hello


if __name__ == '__main__':
    res = greet("didi")  # outter
    # print(res)  # 是个函数：<function greet.<locals>.say_hello at 0x000001A777C9FF28>
    res()  # didi 你好


# 2 计算器
def calculator(x, y, operator):
    if operator == 1:
        return x + y
    elif operator == 2:
        return x - y
    elif operator == 3:
        return x * y
    elif operator == 4:
        return x // y
    else:
        print("wrong operator")


res = calculator(1, 2, 1)
res = calculator(2, 2, 1)
res = calculator(3, 2, 1)
res = calculator(4, 2, 1)
print(res)

# 问题：不传入operator
# 解决：


def calculator(option):  # 不用x\y参数
    if option == 1:
        def add(x, y):
            return x + y
        return add  # 返回函数，如果加（）会执行， 没有（）没有执行这个函数！！！
    elif option == 2:
        def minus(x, y):
            return x - y
        return minus
    elif option == 3:
        def multiply(x, y):
            return x * y
        return multiply
    elif option == 4:
        def divide(x, y):
            return x // y
        return divide
    else:
        print("wrong operator")


# res = calculator(1, 2, 1) = add(x,y)
# res(1, 2) = add(1, 2) = 1+2 = 3
add = calculator(1)
print(add)  # <function calculator.<locals>.add at 0x0000020C3B22FEA0>
minus = calculator(2)
print(minus)  # <function calculator.<locals>.minus at 0x00000286DF565048>
res = add(1, 2)
print(res)


# 3 全局变量，如果本级没有，就去上级找
NUM = 0


def add():
    global NUM  # 必须要定义global!!!，否则报错：UnboundLocalError: local variable 'NUM' referenced before assignment
    NUM += 1
    print(NUM)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    add()


# 4 nonlocal: 闭包中，如果内函数要对外函数的变量进行处理，必须要定义nonlocal
def greet(name):
    print("outter name: %s" % name)

    def say_hello():
        nonlocal name  # 必须定义！！！否则报错：# UnboundLocalError: local variable 'name' referenced before assignment
        name += "_abc"
        print("inner name: %s" % name)
    return say_hello


if __name__ == '__main__':
    greet("didi")()