SQL笔试 I 经典20题及答案解析(上)

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01 建表语句

create table Student(sid varchar(10),sname varchar(10),sage datetime,ssex nvarchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
create table Course(cid varchar(10),cname varchar(10),tid varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
create table Teacher(tid varchar(10),tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
create table SC(sid varchar(10),cid varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

02 表结构预览

--学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
--SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
--课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
--CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号
--教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
--TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
--成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
--SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数

1. 查询“01”课程比“02”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；

select distinct t1.sid as sidfrom 
    (select * from sc where cid='01')t1
left join 
    (select * from sc where cid='02')t2
on t1.sid=t2.sid
where t1.score>t2.score

2. 查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；

select 
    sid
    ,avg(score)
from sc
group by sid
having avg(score)>60

3. 查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

select
    student.sid as sid
    ,sname
    ,count(distinct cid) course_cnt
    ,sum(score) as total_score
from student
left join sc
on student.sid=sc.sid
group by sid,sname

4. 查询姓“李”的老师的个数；

select
    count(distinct tid) as teacher_cnt
from teacher
where tname like '李%'

5. 查询没学过“张三”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；

select
    sid,sname
from student
where sid not in 
    (
        select
            sc.sid
        from teacher
        left join course
            on teacher.tid=course.tid
        left join sc
            on course.cid=sc.cid
        where teacher.tname='张三'
    )

6. 查询学过“01”并且也学过编号“02”课程的同学的学号、姓名；

select
    t.sid as sid
    ,sname
from 
    (
        select
            sid
            ,count(if(cid='01',score,null)) as count1
            ,count(if(cid='02',score,null)) as count2
        from sc
        group by sid
        having count(if(cid='01',score,null))>0 and count(if(cid='02',score,null))>0
    )t
left join student
    on t.sid=student.sid

7. 查询学过“张三”老师所教的课的同学的学号、姓名；

select
    student.sid
    ,sname
from 
    (
        select
            distinct cid 
        from course
        left join teacher 
        on course.tid=teacher.tid
        where teacher.tname='张三'
    )course
left join sc 
    on course.cid=sc.cid
left join student
    on sc.sid=student.sid
group by student.sid,sname

8. 查询课程编号“01”的成绩比课程编号“02”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；

select
    t1.sid,sname
from 
    (
        select distinct t1.sid as sid
        from 
            (select * from sc where cid='01')t1
        left join 
            (select * from sc where cid='02')t2
        on t1.sid=t2.sid
        where t1.score>t2.score
    )t1
left join student
    on t1.sid=student.sid

9. 查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；

select
    t1.sid,sname
from 
    (
        select
            sid,max(score)
        from sc
        group by sid
        having max(score<60)
    )t1
left join student
    on t1.sid=student.sid

10. 查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

select
    t1.sid,sname
from 
    (
        select
            count(cid),sid
        from sc
        group by sid
        having count(cid) < (select count(distinct cid) from course)
    )t1
left join student
    on t1.sid=student.sid

11. 查询至少有一门课与学号为“01”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；

select
    distinct sc.sid
from 
    (
        select
            cid
        from sc
        where sid='01'
    )t1
left join sc
    on t1.cid=sc.cid

12. 查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的学号和姓名

#注意是和'01'号同学课程完全相同但非学习课程数相同的,这里我用左连接解决这个问题select
    t1.sid,sname
from
    (
        select
            sc.sid
            ,count(distinct sc.cid)
        from 
            (
                select
                    cid
                from sc
                where sid='01'
            )t1 #选出01的同学所学的课程
        left join sc
            on t1.cid=sc.cid
        group by sc.sid
        having count(distinct sc.cid)= (select count(distinct cid) from sc where sid = '01')
    )t1
left join student
    on t1.sid=student.sid
where t1.sid!='01'

13. 把“SC”表中“张三”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；

#暂跳过update题目

14. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select 
    sname
from student
where sid not in
    (
        select
            distinct sid
        from sc
        left join course
            on sc.cid=course.cid
        left join teacher
            on course.tid=teacher.tid 
        where tname='张三'
    )

15. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select
    t1.sid,sname,avg_score
from 
    (
        select
            sid,count(if(score<60,cid,null)),avg(score) as avg_score
        from sc
        group by sid
        having count(if(score<60,cid,null)) >=2
    )t1
left join student
    on t1.sid=student.sid

16. 检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

select 
    sid,if(cid='01',score,100)from sc
where if(cid='01',score,100)<60
order by if(cid='01',score,100) desc

17. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的平均成绩

select sid,avg(score)
from sc
group by sid
order by avg(score) desc

18. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率

select
    sc.cid
    ,cname
    ,max(score) as max_score
    ,min(score) as min_score
    ,avg(score) as avg_score
    ,count(if(score>=60,sid,null))/count(sid) as pass_rate
 from sc 
 left join course
    on sc.cid=course.cid
 group by sc.cid

19. 按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序

#这里先按照平均成绩排序，再按照及格百分数排序，
select 
    cid
    ,avg(score) as avg_score
    ,count(if(score>=60,sid,null))/count(sid) as pass_rate
from sc
group by cid
order by avg_score,pass_rate desc

20. 查询学生的总成绩并进行排名

select
    sid
    ,sum(score) as sum_score
from sc
group by sid
order by sum_score desc

本文来自知乎，作者：tomocat，如果侵权请联系删除

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