服务器新硬盘分区、格式化和挂载

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已于 2024-06-17 17:08:58 修改

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文章标签：服务器运维

于 2024-06-17 16:37:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tfxzgp/article/details/139735085

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参考文献

linux parted非交互式分区实例 —— 筑梦之路
 Linux磁盘格式化(mkfs、mkfs.xfs、mkfs.ext4)、Linux文件系统的校验(xfs_repair、fsck_ext4)
【LINUX】磁盘分区、挂载
 linux7磁盘挂载大于16T,CentOS6.5挂载超过16T的大容量存储空间，格式化为xfs
服务器硬盘安装配置及系统重装操作记录
服务器的硬盘不够大，导师新买了块用，安装的起点是这样子的在这里插入图片描述

查看了一下起点现状

在这里插入图片描述
发现第二块没挂载了，但是是别人的硬盘，所以就先不管了。

(base) ~ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for cszx: 
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sda: 239.9 GB, 239902654464 bytes, 468559872 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: AD68530F-9D77-4143-91E1-D222825C2F10


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition
 2       411648      2508799      1G  Microsoft basic 
 3      2508800    468557823  222.2G  Linux LVM       
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sdb: 239.9 GB, 239902654464 bytes, 468559872 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 2BB6EFDB-AB43-4872-B56F-88620F6AF0B3


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1           34         2047   1007K  BIOS boot       
 2         2048      1050623    512M  EFI System      
 3      1050624    468559838  222.9G  Linux LVM       

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 180.6 GB, 180631896064 bytes, 352796672 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/pve-swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/pve-root: 59.6 GB, 59592671232 bytes, 116391936 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--0: 4 MB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--1: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

                            Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mapper/pve-vm--105--disk--1p1               1  4294967295  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/sdc: 14000.5 GB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

分区

(base) ~ sudo parted /dev/sdc

[sudo] password for cszx:
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help’ to view a list of commands.

mklabel gpt（设置分区类型）

增加分区

mkpart primary 0% 25%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 25% 50%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 50% 75%
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 75% 100%
两种命令的结果看上去一样，采用第一行的形式没有详细信息的输入

(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      
(parted) mkpart primary  0% 25%                                           
(parted) parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary  25% 50%                       
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a
        particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a
        particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a
        particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted

可以了
查看在这里插入图片描述

格式化

在parted内mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1（失败）

(parted) mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1                                           
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a
        particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a
        particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted

需要先退出quit（可以）

(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1（失败）

[sudo] password for cszx:
/dev/sdc/sdc1: Not a directory

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1（成功。sdc1是硬盘标识符+分区号，和路径写法不同）

meta-data=/dev/sdc1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630912 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523648, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417247, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc2
sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc3
sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc4

(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc2
[sudo] password for cszx: 
meta-data=/dev/sdc2              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630976 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523904, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417248, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
^[[A%                                                                                                                                      
(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc3
meta-data=/dev/sdc3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630976 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523904, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417248, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
(base) / sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc4
meta-data=/dev/sdc4              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=213630912 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=854523648, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=417247, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
(base) /

查看，可以了
在这里插入图片描述

挂载

创建用于挂载的文件夹

mkdir c1
mkdir c2
mkdir c3
mkdir c4

进行挂载 vi /etc/fstab（失败）

在这里插入图片描述
加入四行
/dev/sdc1 /home/cszx/c1 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc2 /home/cszx/c2 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc3 /home/cszx/c3 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc4 /home/cszx/c4 xfs defaults 0 0
保存并退出:wq!
报错"/etc/fstab" E212: Can’t open file for writing
原因是权限不够，退出:q!

sudo vi /etc/fstab使用超级管理员权限再进行一遍上面操作

在这里插入图片描述
保存并退出:wq!

加载 sudo mount -a

查看
在这里插入图片描述
成功了。
发现需要使用sudo权限，mkdir: cannot create directory ‘zgp’: Permission denied

设置文件夹权限：

sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c1
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c2
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c3
sudo chmod 777 /home/cszx/c4

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服务器新硬盘分区、格式化和挂载

报错"/etc/fstab" E212: Can’t open file for writing。在parted内mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc/sdc1（失败）两种命令的结果看上去一样分区格式化挂载
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