datawhale-sklearn组队学习-task02

支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)

1. 线性SVM

公式推导参见西瓜书。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import svm

data = np.array([
    [0.1, 0.7],
    [0.3, 0.6],
    [0.4, 0.1],
    [0.5, 0.4],
    [0.8, 0.04],
    [0.42, 0.6],
    [0.9, 0.4],
    [0.6, 0.5],
    [0.7, 0.2],
    [0.7, 0.67],
    [0.27, 0.8],
    [0.5, 0.72]
])
#python的牛皮赋值法我直接鼓掌
label = [1] * 6 + [0] * 6
#加减0.2是为了绘图时纳入所有点
x_min, x_max = data[:, 0].min() - 0.2, data[:, 0].max() + 0.2
y_min, y_max = data[:, 1].min() - 0.2, data[:, 1].max() + 0.2
#meshgrid生成网格
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, 0.002),
                     np.arange(y_min, y_max, 0.002)) # meshgrid如何生成网格
model_linear = svm.SVC(kernel='linear', C = 0.001)
#c代表的是线性软间隔svm中的允许出错的宽度
model_linear.fit(data, label) # 训练
Z = model_linear.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]) # 预测
Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap = plt.cm.ocean, alpha=0.6)
plt.scatter(data[:6, 0], data[:6, 1], marker='o', color='r', s=100, lw=3) 
plt.scatter(data[6:, 0], data[6:, 1], marker='x', color='k', s=100, lw=3)
plt.title('Linear SVM')
plt.show()

可视化

2. 多项式SVM

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 15))
 
for i, degree in enumerate([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12]):
    # C: 惩罚系数，gamma: 高斯核的系数
    model_poly = svm.SVC(C=0.0001, kernel='poly', degree=degree) # 多项式核
    model_poly.fit(data, label)
    # ravel - flatten
    # c_ - vstack
    # 把后面两个压扁之后变成了x1和x2，然后进行判断，得到结果在压缩成一个矩形
    #np.c_按列连接矩阵拼接两个矩阵
    Z = model_poly.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

    plt.subplot(3, 2, i + 1)
    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4)
    plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.ocean, alpha=0.6)
 
    # 画出训练点
    plt.scatter(data[:6, 0], data[:6, 1], marker='o', color='r', s=100, lw=3)
    plt.scatter(data[6:, 0], data[6:, 1], marker='x', color='k', s=100, lw=3)
    plt.title('Poly SVM with $\degree=$' + str(degree))
plt.show()

不同次数的多项式svm可视化

3.高斯核SVM

对比不同gamma下的分类情况

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 15))
 
for i, gamma in enumerate([1, 5, 15, 35, 45, 55]):
    # C: 惩罚系数，gamma: 高斯核的系数
    model_rbf = svm.SVC(kernel='rbf', gamma=gamma, C= 0.0001).fit(data, label)
 
    # ravel - flatten
    # c_ - vstack
    # 把后面两个压扁之后变成了x1和x2，然后进行判断，得到结果在压缩成一个矩形
    Z = model_rbf.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

    plt.subplot(3, 2, i + 1)
    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4)
    plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.ocean, alpha=0.6)
 
    # 画出训练点
    plt.scatter(data[:6, 0], data[:6, 1], marker='o', color='r', s=100, lw=3)
    plt.scatter(data[6:, 0], data[6:, 1], marker='x', color='k', s=100, lw=3)
    plt.title('RBF SVM with $\gamma=$' + str(gamma))
plt.show()

可视化

4.测试不同SVM在Mnist数据集上的分类情况

import sys
from pathlib import Path
curr_path = str(Path().absolute()) # 当前文件所在绝对路径
parent_path = str(Path().absolute().parent) # 父路径
sys.path.append(parent_path) # 添加路径到系统路径
​
from Mnist.load_data import load_local_mnist
from sklearn import svm
​
(X_train, y_train), (X_test, y_test) = load_local_mnist(normalize=True,one_hot=False)
​
# 截取部分数据，否则程序运行可能超时
X_train, y_train= X_train[:2000], y_train[:2000] 
X_test, y_test = X_test[:200],y_test[:200]
​
# C:软间隔惩罚系数
C_linear = 100
model_linear = svm.SVC(C = C_linear, kernel='linear').fit(X_train,y_train) # 线性核
print(f"Linear Kernel 's score: {model_linear.score(X_test,y_test)}")
for degree in range(1,10,2):
    model_poly = svm.SVC(C=100, kernel='poly', degree=degree).fit(X_train,y_train) # 多项式核
    print(f"Polynomial Kernel with Degree = {degree} 's score: {model_poly.score(X_test,y_test)}")
​
for gamma in range(1,10,2):
    gamma = round(0.01 * gamma,3)
    model_rbf = svm.SVC(C = 100, kernel='rbf', gamma = gamma).fit(X_train,y_train) # 高斯核
    print(f"Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = {gamma} 's score: {model_rbf.score(X_test,y_test)}")

​输出结果：
Linear Kernel 's score: 0.955
Polynomial Kernel with Degree = 1 's score: 0.955
Polynomial Kernel with Degree = 3 's score: 0.93
Polynomial Kernel with Degree = 5 's score: 0.855
Polynomial Kernel with Degree = 7 's score: 0.735
Polynomial Kernel with Degree = 9 's score: 0.66
Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = 0.01 's score: 0.96
Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = 0.03 's score: 0.96
Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = 0.05 's score: 0.945
Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = 0.07 's score: 0.9
Polynomial Kernel with Gamma = 0.09 's score: 0.835