在生活中,我们对于适配器并不陌生,比如智能的稳压器,还有充电宝对安卓和苹果手机的转换接口,都是适配器的一种。适配器模式,是为了,将一个类的接口转换成希望的接口,优点是使得原本不兼容的接口,可以一起工作。这也让我们引出面向对象的另一个重要概念,我们要针对接口而不是针对实现编程,即细节依赖抽象,抽象不依赖细节。
具体示例如下(自己动手敲一下,感觉绝对不同):
#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string>
using std::string;
class Player
{
public:
Player(string name) :m_name(name){ }
virtual void attack(){ }
virtual void defense(){ }
protected:
string m_name;
};
class Forward :public Player
{
public:
Forward(string name) :Player(name){}
virtual void attack()
{
printf("前锋进攻\n");
}
virtual void defense()
{
printf("前锋防守\n");
}
};
class Guards :public Player
{
public:
Guards (string name) : Player(name){}
virtual void attack()
{
printf("后卫进攻\n");
}
virtual void defense()
{
printf("后卫防守\n");
}
};
//模拟不兼容接口,不继承Player
class ForgainCenter
{
public:
virtual void attack()
{
printf("外籍中锋进攻\n");
}
virtual void defense()
{
printf("外籍中锋防守\n");
}
public:
string m_name;
};
//适配器
class Translator :public Player
{
public:
Translator(string name) : Player(name)
{
m_center.m_name = name;
}
virtual void attack()
{
m_center.attack();
}
virtual void defense()
{
m_center.defense();
}
private:
ForgainCenter m_center;
};
int main()
{
Player * qf = new Forward("格林斯潘");
qf->defense();
qf->attack();
Player * hw = new Guards("韦斯布鲁");
hw->defense();
hw->attack();
Player * ts = new Translator("大姚");
ts->attack();
ts->defense();
}
在这里我们看到了组合的身影。组合优于继承,关键是,有时候,我们实在不好区分应该用组合还是继承。一个推荐的原则是,不确定该使用什么策略时,就是用组合!